Drunk Driving Essays - Driving Under The Influence, Alcohol Law

How much longer will we be forced to endure the pain and atrocities due to the carelessness of drunk driving? Drunk driving has been a problem in the United States since the introduction of automobiles; however, it did not become an important social issue until the 1980s. At that time the political atmosphere defined crime in terms of personal choice and individual responsibility. Drunk driving was defined as a problem located within individuals. Drunk driving is illegal in every state. It is not only illegal, but unsafe to operate an automobile if you are under the influence of alcohol. When a person drinks, the alcohol is absorbed into the blood stream and various tests have been designed to measure the level of alcohol in a persons blood. In most states, if a person has a blood alcohol level greater than .10%, that person is presumed to be too intoxicated to safely operate an automobile. Driving under the influence of alcohol is considered the nations most frequently committed vio lent crime, and in the 1980s the public supported a wider range of non-criminal countermeasures, as well as stricter legal measures, to govern DUIs. This movement against drunk driving was well reflected in the legislative arena. Between 1981 and 1987 some 934 new laws dealing with drunk driving were passed by state legislatures. Legal measures focus on deterring drunken drivers by providing stricter laws and punishment. Non-criminal countermeasures are concerned with reform and education and include treatment programs and educating citizens about the dangers of impaired driving. To prevent drunk driving, a combination of stricter laws with harsh punishments and non-criminal countermeasures must be implemented. Legal measures are said to protect citizens through deterrence. Deterrence is defined as discouraging a particular behavior. There are two types of deterrence: individual or specific deterrence, and general deterrence. Individual or specific deterrence seeks to deter the offe nder from re-offending. General deterrence seeks to deter the public from criminal behavior through the punishment of offenders. Deterrence is based on the perceived certainty, severity, and celerity of detection and sanction (Vingilis 645). People who support legal measures are calling for harsher laws and tougher punishments. Some of the proposed measures are: 1. Anyone convicted of drunk driving will be required to pay large fines (starting at $5,000 for a first offense). 2. Anyone convicted of drunk driving will be required to spend at least some time in jail or prison. 3. All convicted drivers will be required to have yellow license plates on their cars so that other people will know who they are and what they have done. 4. Anyone convicted will automatically lose their drivers license for one year. 5. Surprise roadblocks will be set up and police will stop all drivers and test them for drunk driving. 6. All convicted drivers who are alcoholics will be required to have psycholo gical treatment. 7. An ignition interlock system will be installed in convicted drivers vehicles. 8. The possible seizure and sale of a repeat offenders vehicle, and 9. Lowering the blood alcohol level from .10% to .08%, since a person can still be drunk at .08%. The goal of legal deterrence is to make the offense a less appealing choice. Brandon Applegate refers to this as dominant paradigm (177). A major problem the legal side faces is that policies are often subverted by implementation problems. Another problem is that shortly after the announcement of an increase in apprehension and conviction, offenses decline; however, reductions are not sustained and the rates of offending behavior soon return to the original level. Present day penalties for first-time violators are $250 to $400 in fines, twelve to forty-eight hours of required participation in an alcohol program, zero to thirty days in jail, six months to one year loss of driving privileges, and insurance surcharges. Two-tim e violators receive harsher penalties such as $500 to $1,000 in fines, thirty days of community service, forty-eight hours to ninety days in jail (the court may require ninety of those days to be community service work), ten year loss of driving privileges, and insurance surcharges. There are other penalties also: sixty-day penalties for driving in a reckless manner and exceeding the maximum speed limit by thirty miles

Technology Dependence Essay Example

Technology Dependence Essay Example Technology Dependence Essay Technology Dependence Essay 26 April 2012 Technology Dependence I was fourteen years old when I received my first cell phone. It was Just your normal indestructible flip phone. It lasted me for about two and a half years even though it had a lot of wear and tear and didnt look the prettiest it still worked and I had no complaints. On my current phone I can access my email, watch movies, and download music all with Just a touch of a button and instantly its there on the screen. Its crazy how in Just five short years I went from having a phone that I could only make phone calls on to basically having my own portable computer and entertainment center on my phone. As you can see our society today knows their way around all the new technology, but yet the majority of them could not imagine what life would be like without it. In our society today parents are buying cell phones for their kids at younger and younger ages. More and more kids are becoming addicted to the latest gaming systems and couldnt imagine going an entire day without some type of technology fix. This is causing kids to not want to play outside and be active because they rather play on the latest phone, pad, Oxbow, or WI. Information technology has reached the mint where you can open up your computer or switch on your phone and talk to whomever you choose, know exactly where your friends are or what they are up to and find out what something means all with a mere click of a mouse (newness. Mom). Its crazy how much we take the technology we have today for granted. Kids these days dont understand how their parents and their grandparents and so on could have made it through a day without having a constant technology fix. Even worse they dont even realize that cell phones are actually apart of the recent technology in our society. The first cellular phone was invented in 1973, which really isnt that long ago. If you think about it ou r grandparents were in their thirties or so, and my own parents were only in their teens. Now looking at todays society compared to when it first came out almost every person you interact with has a cell phone and they always have it on them and some would even say they feel naked when they dont have their cell phone with them. More broadly, cell phones and computers have transformed life. They let people escape their cubicles and work anywhere. They shrink distances and handle countless mundane tasks, freeing up time for more exciting pursuits (anytime. Com). With all the new technology we have today you can figure out what anyone is doing within a matter of seconds without even calling them. With all the social networking sites now showing where people are when they post stuff you can Just look at someones backbone wall and figure out what city they are in or look at a tweet and figure out what street they were on when they posted it. Yet all the new technology isnt completely ruining our society as a whole, there are some good aspects that come out of it that actually benefit our society. Imaging studies show the brains of internet users become more efficient at finding information. And players of some video games develop better visual activity (anytime. Mom). Yet it doesnt help our some good in our young society today. But the extent that our young society is attached to these isnt helping as much as it really is hurting them in the long run. With all the smartness on the market today that have Gaps built into them its almost a necessity for experienced drivers to have for road trips or Just finding their way around new places all in the palm of your hand for a much c heaper price than a TOMATO, and it does so much more than Just tell you directions as you already know. Its sad to see what our society today is becoming with all the new and addictive technology we are being exposed to. People are now starting to crave fixes of technology and wouldnt even begin to imagine a day without any sort of fix, yet Just a decade ago most of it was nonexistent and we take it all for granted. In an article by Matt Richter, Attached to Technology and Paying a Price, Richer describes a young businessman in his late twenties and his addiction to technology, Even after he unplugs, he craves the stimulation he gets from his electronic gadgets. He forgets things like dinner plans and he has trouble focusing on his family. Our society today is starting to miss out on all the interpersonal connections and communication skills that we had a decade ago. We are basically starting to take all our new advances in technology for granted and arent realizing how much it is hurting us. If you sit back and think about it you dont really hear much about people actually sitting down together and having so called family time or at least a family dinner with no television on in the background or cell phones out. We are that addicted that we couldnt imagine turning our cells phones on silent mode and leaving them in a efferent room and have what used to be a normal family dinner with Just everybody sitting down, conversing and having a technology free dinner for once. As teenagers they cant imagine doing any of this. When parents get mad and tell them to put their phone away all they do is ignore them and either hide that they are doing it or Just roll their eyes and keep on typing away. Our young society knows their way around all the latest technology, which in some cases can be very beneficial but for the most part its Just killing all the communication and personal skills they grew up learning before being introduced to such thing as technology. Now if you look at all the new toys coming out for you kids to infants there is some type of electronic device incorporated into it somewhere. Just think back a few years and the big craze was how television was the major media that was affecting the young societys academics and attention span. But according to Daniel Anderson, professor of psychology at the University of Massachusetts, Multitasking using ubiquitous, interactive and highly stimulating computers and phones, appears to have a more powerful effect than TV. (anytime. Com) Its crazy to think that when parents were all concerned about the mount of television their kids were watching was affecting the brain to not even thinking about all the effects the new technology we have today is affecting the overall young societys brains on a daily basis. Im doing Backbone, Youth, having a conversion or two with a friend, listening to music at the same time. Im doing a million things at once, like a lot of people my age. Sometimes Ill say: I need to stop this and do my schoolwork, but I cant. After reading a quote from a kid who is in our young society today. What is it going to take to get people to realize it? Also will e be able to realize it before its too late to change anything? In 2008, people consumed three times as much information each day as they did in 1960 (anytime. Com). Just think 2008 was Just four short years ago and look how much our technology has advanced in those four short years. If you compare today to 1960 Im sure its a whole lot more than Just three times. We are losing intimacy with the natural world outside of all the new technology that we are being introduced to daily and becoming more addicted than ever. Im so addicted to this device that I stopped mid-bite to rush to send this message (WebMD. Com). Many young adults and even adults are actually guilty of doing this at least once and most do it daily. Mostly teens are guilty of this but they are not the only ones. Many young business men and women are guilty of having their blackberry glued to their hand and check it every ten seconds for what they think is the most important email of their life when they should be enjoying a nice lunch catching up with a close friend from college that is in visiting for the weekend. But instead we completely ignore the fact that they are sitting across the table from you and you end up ruining what should be a great time. According to Alan Eaton, Latin teacher at Woodside High School in California, Its a catastrophe, technology has led to a balkanization of their focus and duration of stamina, and the schools make the problem worse when they adopt the technology (anytime. Com). Now not all technology in schools is horrible like Eaton says it is but to the extent of what school systems are starting to incorporate is becoming more distracting for them to find ways to get on Backbone and Youth even if the websites a supposedly blocked. With the kids in our society today that grew up with all the latest technology they now their way around little road blocks like blocking certain web pages while they are at school. So instead of doing interactive math problems on the latest Macho they are instead playing with the WebMD and posting all the pictures online. Teachers, Administrators, and other school officials really think that bringing in the latest technology is helping students stay focused and learn more efficiently because of how this young society has been brought up. The advances in technology have gotten so bad that, Private information is now very easily obtained one can simply Google someone and instantly have his or her tactics appear on the screen (newness. Com). Just think millions of so called bored teenagers surfing the web and goggling random subjects and people on a daily basis have access to find out person qualities and some sites will even list what city and state you live in. Now most sites you have to pay to get more detailed information about yourself but its scary to know that if someone is willing to pay they could find out your exact address and possibly stalk you or even try and steal your identity with what information is out on the web for them to access about you. Technology advances nowadays is actually becoming a little bit scary because you just dont know what sites to trust in case somehow you get a virus from an ad that popped up or you accidental had a typo in the website you were going to and you ended up getting infected with a virus. Which in todays technology viruses are no longer restricted to computers but you can get them on your Macho, pad, phone, technology dependent society that we are, and are currently still building, would kill everyone because they wouldnt know what to do if they didnt have access to everything they supposedly need twenty-four/ seven, in the palm of our hand. Some of the bigger harms of the easy access to technology is giving kids more and more ways to bully others. Bullying used to be strictly in person, both verbal and physical. But nowadays kids are becoming more and more confident behind a computer screen in the comfort of their own home to say whatever they want to say and be tougher than they really are. Rather than in the past majority of kids wouldnt even think about bullying others because of consequences but with all the technology advances kids are Just becoming way to confident with a technology airier between them and the victim. Slanderous information sent out into cyberspace is difficult, if not impossible, to expunge. Cyber-bullying often takes the form of cyber gossip, where damaging content is based on whim; not facts, and is posted on social networking sites (Cameron. Org). Whats even worse is that nothing is being done to stop this and as our technology advances more every day, this is Just going to get worse. Schools systems act like they are trying to take care of the problem if it happens in one of their schools but in all reality they say they cant ally do anything because it is all on the internet and not happening directly on school grounds that they know of. So what is our technology dependent world coming too? Are we really Just going to lets things like cyber bullying, and hackers and viruses take over everything in our lives and end up ruining everything that we have worked hard for, for years before all of this evil technology was even invented. If we dont do something about changing some of our dependence on the technology we will end up having everything in our lives controlled by technology.

Creative Process Essay Entry Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Creative Process Entry - Essay Example several common ideas such as the fact that creativity entails innovative and novel contemplations of the world, I do not think it is a teachable skill. A person is born with a certain amount of creativity, and while these can be developed through experience and education, if one is not naturally creative, your creativity can only improve to a limited extent through education. According to Franken, creativity entails a tendency to generate or recognizes ideas alternatives and possibilities, which can be applied in problem solving or communication with others (396). I found this definition to be in line with my own since I believe creativity is best understood when observed in a functional perspective in view of how it can solve problems or help one deal with issues. In my life, I believe creativity often surfaces when I am face with unusual situations that call for me to be innovative and think outside the box, sometimes, it emerges when I am under pressure to do something, and not all the conventional methods produce the desired result. I remember an incident when I was in high school, and my creative writing teacher told us to construct a sentence using the word flummox. We had no idea what the word mean, and we were given 30 seconds in which to do it. After realizing that none of my word attack skills was going to get me an answer, I wrote, the sentence â€Å"Flummox is not a very common word in most high school students vocabulary†. The teacher said that was not the way to construct sentences, but she gave me a mark because I had used my imagination where less none of my classmates had. My creative process is dictated by circumstances and managing it is more often than not a subconscious activity. For instance, there are times I am b ursting with new ideas when I cannot apply them, sometimes I come up with what I feel are incredible storylines for creative writing essays, and shorts stories when am in the bus or shower but forget them almost

Internship in Valentino Fashion Group Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Internship in Valentino Fashion Group - Essay Example The essay "Internship in Valentino Fashion Group" talks about working in the Valentino Fashion Group as an intern. From an overarching context I have gained a greater understanding of how classroom elements oftentimes imperfectly reflect occurrences in the business world. In these regards, while my classroom experiences have undoubtedly prepared me for the internship it has been in a process where I have had to consider the underlining critical thinking elements. For instance, one of the major structural elements I came to consider throughout my internship was supply chain management. The Valentino Fashion Group has a number of inputs from outside sources and my study of supply chain procedures greatly heightened my analysis of these processes in this business context. The nature of the internship in terms of retail sales also made it such that I incorporated much of my course experience from business management and leadership. I came to recognize the importance of transactional lead ership in terms of employee relations as this model is perhaps the most effective in taming the diverse interests and desires of these individuals. Conversely, my study of situational leadership models also helped me in dealing with consumer relations as the multi-varied challenges I encountered necessitated that one not assume a too rigid approach to problem solving. The experience greatly influenced my perspective on career options and future plans. I believe that a person’s career approach should be linked.... Another consideration is the nature of this business as specializing in higher end retail sales. I believe that this distinction is important in my career as I am more interested in these aspects of fashion. I believe customers in this retail environment place a higher level of concern on the fashion aspects of the clothing and demonstrate a much higher commitment to the product. I believe my interest in fashion is better suited to this environment than a large-scale retailer that would be more concerned with widespread appeal and business models over fashion trends. There were many aspects of this internship that affected different areas of my life. In these regards, my experience in this internship greatly focused my future academic interests. My participation in the business department before this occurrence had been motivated by a desire to gain a broad understanding of business theory and management models without consideration of any specific course of action. Now that I have h ad this internship experience I am increasingly interested in merchandising practices and marketing. One of the major experiences I had at the Valentino Fashion Group was product placement in the store, as it was believed this greatly contributed to customer interest and purchasing. I believe such models are an essential aspect of all businesses and I am interested in learning more about them in the business environment. Perhaps the most transferable skill I gained in this experience was the ability to read and distinguish customer’s character and desires. I believe that to a great degree the I reached the goals I set for myself. My goals were to be a conscientious employee: remain punctual and work well in groups.

The Press Agentry Model Media Essay

The Press Agentry Model Media Essay The earliest PR model to appear was press agentry or publicity. It emerged in the late 19th century and was characterized as one-way, source-to-receiver communication where the flow of information is only from the sender to the receiver. The sender is not much concerned about the second partys feedback, reviews and so on. Press agentry attempts to change the behavior of publics without changing the behavior of the organization. Under the press agentry, public relations strive for publicity in the media in almost any way possible. Grunig Hunt confirm that the model involves a propaganda function (Grunig Hunt, 1984 pp. 21) and academics such as Butterick (2009), Theaker (2004), and Johnston Zawawi (2004) agree that accuracy and credibility are somewhat compromised as the goal of the model is to influence the audience by manufacturing news, be that by way of stunts or explicit publicity seeking. Butterick (2009) states that practitioners who use this model become press agents, utilis ing a range of PR tools from press releases to publicity stunts which in turn ensures that an audience takes a specific course of action. Press agents did little research aside from monitoring the media in which they sought to place favorable articles about their clients. The prototype practitioner of this model was the American impresario P. T. Barnum. He promoted circuses and other entertainment venues such as the singer Jenny Lind. Publicity continues to be a component of contemporary American PR and is used in sports, entertainment and product publicity, although todays practitioners are less likely to take liberties with the truth. In Press Agentry publicity model, public relations expects enhance the reputation of the organization among the target audience, stakeholders, employees, partners, all other associated with it through manipulation. According to this model, hire public relations expects who create a positive image of their brand in the minds of target audience through arguments and reasoning. They influence their potential customers by simply imposing their ideas, thoughts, creative stories of their bran d, USPs of the products and so on. Flow of information takes place only from the public relations expects to the target audiences. (One-Way communication) Although J. Grunig and Hunt acknowledged that there had been public-relations-like activities throughout history, they claimed that the press agents of the mid-19th century were the first full- name specialists to practice public relations. These press agents practiced the press agentry/ publicity model of public relations for such heroes as Andrew Jackson, Daniel Boone, Buffalo Bill Cody, and Calamity Jane. The most prominent of these practitioners was P.T. Barnum, who skillfully promoted his circus performers using the axiom, There is a sucker born every minute. Curiosity and scepticism played a pivotal role in the success of the press agentry model in the 19th Century, as illustrated with Barnums stunt, and to this day it still does. Butterick (2009) points out that we only have to look at the inner editorial pages of the tabloid newspapers, the celebrity magazines or observe when a new movie or CD is launched to see the press agentry model in its purest form. Press agents like Max Clifford are often seen as masters of the industry, carefully manipulating the media coverage of their clients, as Butterick notes; even the so-called exclusive pictures of semi-naked celebrities on a beach in a Sunday newspaper can sometimes be the result of a collusion between the stars publicist and photographer. Although it is clear from the examples above that the press agentry model is still very much in use in the 21st Century, we can easily argue that the ethics involved in this model are highly questionable, and the admission from Grunig Hunt that the model has an element of propaganda attached to it does nothing to distil the negative connotations attached to PR as propaganda (Butterick, 2009). However, despite these criticisms, it is ultimately our curiosity and scepticism which ensures the press agentry model is still alive and well in the modern day. Although the modern day PR practitioner must be more au fait with the truth, the very foundations of the model still exist whether it be to publicise a sporting event, a theatre production, or the scariest film of the decade, as in the recent movie release Paranormal Activity (2009). We, the public, will either want to believe what we see, or find out for ourselves if our scepticism can be proven correct which is why this model still works for practitioners seeking to gain the illusive media spotlight and is therefore relevant for the 21st Century. Having established a need for the press agentry model in the 21st Century, we must now look at its successor; how it works, and how it continues to work today, in order to establish how relevant it remains. The public information model surfaced circa 1920, when, some say, the press agentry model started to lose credibility with journalists who had caught on to the press agents way of emitting the truth on many an occasion to get their clients into the media (Grunig Hunt, 1984). Although similar to the press agentry model in that it is characterised by a one way method of communication, the public information model differs because it is aimed at giving its audience clear and factual information. Press agentry is closely associated with publicity in the entertainment world. Press agentry is the practice of attracting the attention of the press through technique that manufactures news. Methods associated with press agentry include staged events, publicity stunts, faux rallies or gatherings, spinning, and hype. A common practice is the late 1800s and early 1900s, press agentry is not part of mainstream public relations. Rather, it is a practice primarily associated with major entertainment-related events, such as Hollywood premieres and boxing matches. The goal of press agentry is to attract attention rather than gain understanding. Even today, however, the term press agent is sometimes used interchangeably with publicist in traditional Broadway theater and motion picture industries. Todays entertainment industries are populated with publicists rather than press agents. Publicists are individuals skilled in media relations who attempt to get the name of their clients or events in the media by carefully constructing messages that inform, educate, and persuade. Some are astute in branding and positioning strategies to aid the careers and success of their clients. In contrast, press agents want attention either good or bad in most any form. Press agentry had been called persuasion for short-term advantage through the use of truth bending and even distortion, but it can also be simply the staging of provocative acts to get publicity and draw attention to an individual, event, or cause. Therefore, it is understandable that one of the earliest proponents of press agentry was Phineas Taylor (P.T) Barnum, the famed American showman and promoter who put gun Gen. Tom Thumb on exhibit and launched a mobile circus featuring Jumbo the elephant and freak shows. Barnum was a master of press agentry. For instance, he wrote letters both praising and criticizing his circus show to newspaper under an assumed name. In the early part of his career, Edward L. Bernays was also a master of press agentry. He persuaded 10 debutantes to hold up Lucky Strike cigarettes manufactured by his client, the American Tobacco Company, as torches of freedom while participating in New Yorks Easter parade. In 1929, Bernays staged a global news event by organizing the Lights Golden Jubilee, a worldwide calebration commemorating the 50th anniversary of the electric light bulb for his client, General Electric. Bernays managed to secure several prominent individuals for that event, including carmaker Henry Ford, electricity scientist Thomas Edison, and President Herbert Hoover. Henry Rogers, one of the founders of Rogers and Cowan, the largest and most successful West Coast entertainment publicity firm, became well known when he promoted an unknown contract player for Columbia Pictures named Rita Hayworth. He contacted Look magazine with a telegram from the Fashion Couturiers Association of America, a fictitious group, claiming that Hayworth was the best-dressed off-screen actress. Look magazine took the bait and put Hayworth on the cover and published 10 pages of her photographs.

What is Means to be Successful :: essays research papers

Success The American heritage dictionary defines success as, â€Å"An event that accomplishes its intended purpose.† The definition certainly looks precise and is theoretically a strong statement. The definition of success varies drastically due to the individual perception in accordance with the situation. Success can be defined in various forms. There might be numerous ways in which an individual gratify them self as being successful. How can one achieve success? To be successful one must achieve all four levels of success i.e. personal, financial, academic and social. Individual ability to maintain strong family and martial relationships would be considered as a success on personal level. Jonathan A. Harris, a senator from Connecticut describes success as, â€Å"Going home at night with a smile and being able to sleep. And talking out someone’s recycling.† Personal relationships play an important part in people’s lives. A sound relationship with family members generates support. The amount of care and affection engendered from being married develops a solid relationship. Friends are another aspect in this category, which play a major role. Friends are there whenever or wherever they are required. Having a lot of friends expresses a message that an individual has self confidence. Personal success comes with a long lasting relationship. Financial success comes with proper money management, reliable income and savings. Being financially successful does not necessarily mean to have a six figure income. Financial success comes with a better understanding of the value of money and utilizing it wisely. â€Å"You have reached the pinnacle of success as soon as you become uninterested in money, compliments, or publicity.† quotes Thomas Wolfe, a great twentieth century writer. People might be generating a very high or low income but if they can utilize their income in proper way they would obtain a solid financial stability. Saving is another key aspect to expedite financial success. People who have tendency to save would attain a rigid financial strength. Generally being successful on an academic level would be to attain at least a bachelor degree and to be professional utilizing education in a practical manner. Felix E. Schelling, an American educator articulates that, â€Å"True education makes for inequality, the inequality of individuality, the inequality of success, the glorious inequality of talent, of genius.† Definitely educational success is associated with the level of education attained. The journey of education begins at a tender childhood age and lasts untills the end. It’s a life long learning experience.

Failure Analysis Change Strategy Essay

Team â€Å"A† reveals the circumstances regarding the failure analysis of an hotelier and how a CEO leads an organizational change processes to prevent an impending failure of the company. To counterbalance the hotelier business failure analysis, the team discusses the success analysis of Apple Inc. The team identifies each organization’s mission and vision statements with a behavioral theory explanation discussing the success and failure indicators. Research focuses on which specific organizational behavior theories could possibly explain the company’s failure or success, bureaucrat’s roles, and organizational structure and culture. Leading organizational change identifies the most vital areas for change, potential barriers in the changing process, addressing political and power issues, and steps implementing the organizational using the John Kotter’s 8-step plan. Business Failure Analysis Apple’s Mission statement Apple does not clearly define a mission statement. According to Farfan (2014), â€Å"Apple ends their press releases with a statement that resembles what a traditional mission states is expected to be†¦Apple commits to bringing the best personal computing experience to students, educators, creative professionals and consumers around the world through innovative hardware, software and Internet offerings† (The Mission Statement, Global Vision, and Values of Apple, Inc.). Vision. Tim Cook, current CEO of Apple, does not have a simple vision for the company. During a 2009 interview, Cook mentions several values behind the company leading the vision Cook expects; â€Å"We believe that we are on the face of the earth to make great products and that’s not changing, we are constantly focusing on innovating and we believe in the simple, not the complex† (Hull 2012, para. 5). Apple’s Success. Apple’s approach to success bases itself on a  redesign by t he former CEO in 1997, Steve Jobs. Jobs partners with several organizations such as Microsoft and CompUSA forming a strategic alliance with Apple products. According to Finkle and Mallin (2010), Steve Jobs states â€Å"the reason why his companies have become so successful is because they hire the very best people in the world to work for them; his business savvy, negotiation skills, and propensity to take risks enable him to transform technology into companies that flourish† (p. 38). Apple’s leadership style is a major contribution in the company’s success. Charismatic, inspiring, flexible, receptive and free spirit describe former CEO Steve Job’s; constantly challenging employees and influencing a team environment where individuals can voice ideas (Toma and Marinescu, 2013). Apple’s Successful Behavioral Theories. Two behavioral theories contributing to Apple’s success during Steve Jobs tenure are the top-down creative process and situational â€Å"Zen like† transformational leadership style Job’s runs the organization with. Eliminating layers of bureaucracy enables Apple to conf orm in a transitioning global market possessing pioneering the technology into new markets. Top-Down Management. During Steve Jobs tenure at Apple, the company incorporates a strong top-down creative process eliminating bureaucracy. This enables information to go directly to Jobs and then filters to sub-teams as specific assignments for completion (Robbins & Judge, 2013, p. 506). This process eliminates a top-heavy culture of management increasing product to market response time. â€Å"Organizational behavior theories mirror the subject matter with which they deal, and people are complex and complicated† (Yukl, 2013, p. 15). Situational Leadership. Jobs address the market with a leadership style conforming to market demands. Eliminating a traditional culture of managers within Apple enables Jobs to manage Apple directly and effectively on a global scale. The situational leadership style works for Job’s as the passion toward the company, consumers, and operations are thought of on a global scale. on a cross functional global scale enables the company to adapt to needs and demands o n a global scale. Apple’s Organizational Leadership. Apple’s role of leadership during the Steve Jobs era concentrates on simplification; taking responsibilities end to end; when behind, leapfrog; put products before profit; don’t be a slave to focus  groups; bend reality; impute; push before perfection; know both the big picture and the details; tolerate only â€Å"A† players; engage face to face; combine the humanities with the sciences; and stay hungry and foolish† (Isaccson, 2012). Management. Apple’s managers posses extensive knowledge about the services and products competitors are providing for the market. This ability enables the organization to formulate new ideas raising the bar for their competitors; Apple takes innovation to a new level. Managers and leadership both seek new ideas taking technology into completely new areas. This in conjunction with a completely lean management approach contributes to extraordinary productivity at Apple (Sullivan, 2011). Organizational Structure. Apple’s organizational structure is simple. â€Å"There are no committees at Apple, general management is frowned upon, and only one person, the chief financial officer, has a responsibility for costs and expenses that lead to profits and losses† (Lashinsky, 2011). Culture. The culture at Apple is very informal and demanding from employees. Rather than a work/life balance many organizations proudly emphasize, Apple makes it clear throughout the organization that it seeks committing, extremely hard-working individuals. An example here on the company website proudly states: â€Å"This isn’t your cushy corporate nine to fiver† (Apple, 2014). This reinforcement repeats itself throughout the website instilling a demand for a culture to share an obsession getting every last detail right. â€Å"Leave your neckties, bring your ideas† (Apple, 2014). Innkeepers USA Trust Objectives and Mission Since its bankruptcy and other acquisitions, Innkeepers USA Trust objectives and mission possess no clear definition. Innkeepers USA Trust was widely known as one of leading owners of extended-stay and upscale hotel properties across the United States. In reference to O a real estate investment trust (REIT), Innkeepers USA Trust owns interest in several hotels in many states. The organization’s focal point at one time is to acquire, develop, rebrand, and reposition hotel properties. This organization’s general purpose, prior to failing, is to acquire and develop real estate investments increasing shareholder profit. Behavior theory predicting Innkeepers, USA Failure The company’s failures are a result of cutbacks on both business and consumer levels. With decreasing travel, increasing fuel costs, rising energy expense, an abundance of new hotels entering the market, and over $1 billion in debt, Innkeepers USA was forced to file bankruptcy (McCarty & Kary, 2010). Preventing the failure of Innkeepers USA Let’s look at some of the vital areas needing change at Innkeepers USA. â€Å"As property values fall and business dry up during the recession, Innkeeper USA cannot meet financial obligations paying down loans (Aquino, 2011). The organization must restructure and work its way out of bankruptcy. Evolving technology, world cultures, and property employee support need attention in order for the company to be successful. Through the use of evolving technology, the company creates the Hilton performance Advantage system. This system includes a global online service for customers and property owners. Specific customer service sites address every company location throughout the world and staff with employees who are fluent in their native languages. A global e-commerce team and revenue management consolidation center allows property managers to seek guidance from staff specializing in specified sales management and revenue topics. These teams assist with research, strategies, and ma nagement needs for individual property owners. Barriers to Change Technology education is one of the largest challenges. The organization organizational strategies to grow the company back to a profitability and sustainability state. As a result of the recession, most organizations decrease and terminate employee travel to minimize expenses. As a result, opportunities for online growth increase reaching customers on a global scale. Cultural issues need attention. Employees fluent in many languages are made available to assist customers in these cultures improving customer care. Each individual property needs evaluations to assess the needs of the demographics; properties cannot be cookie cutter designs. Employee support services create a cultural balance in the company. Educational support is on line; anytime, anywhere a company employee can receive the guidance they seek without waiting. This results from the installation of newer technologies. Power and Political Issues As Innkeepers USA Trust struggles with decreasing room revenue, debt burdens, and liquidity constraints, the real estate investment trust finds itself with power and political issues. Two perspectives of power issues in this organization are the finite and infinite perspective of power. The finite perspective of power is the competitive spirit of an organization that spurs productivity and focuses on winning. Through its competition and power perspective, the organization will ultimately diminish returns; in which Innkeepers USA Trust finds itself in this power struggle by oversupplying new hotels while room revenues are stagnate. Understanding Innkeepers USA Trust power and political struggles, issues require the infinite perspective of power and expert power. An infinite perspective of power seeks to understand that winning or losing is not the main issue. The purpose of an infinite power is to sustain. To sustain Innkeepers USA Trust, Learning Team A suggests acorporate strategy a pproach basing this on skill and knowledge. An example is Apple’s previous CEO, Steve Jobs. Job’s possess expert power. Job’s first hand involvement with many of Apple’s innovations creates a dependency the company relies on propelling innovation. According to Robbins & Judge (2013), expert power is one of the most effective bases of power to influence a company and is positively related to employee’s satisfaction (p. 416). Implementing Change To successfully implement change within Innkeepers USA Trust, Learning Team A suggests following Dr. John Kotter’s eight-step process. According to Kotter’s process, a majority of organizations fail because they do not take a holistic approach that is required to see the change (Robbins & Judge, 2013, p.586). The team will establish a sense of urgency creating a compelling reason as to the change, form a powerful coalition leading change, create a new vision to direct change, plan for, create, and reward short term wins that move the organization toward the new vision, reinforce the change by demonstrating the relationships between new behaviors and organizational success (Robbins & Judge, 2013, p.586). Conclusion In conclusion, there are many factors in consideration when developing and maintaining a successful organization. It’s important to develop a strategy to meet organizational goals. Looking at the success and failures of existing organizations is an invaluable strategy in developing and maintaining organizational victory. Team â€Å"A† reveals the circumstances regarding the failure analysis of an hotelier and how a CEO leads an organizational change processes to prevent an impending failure of the company, which specific organizational behavior theories could possibly explain the company’s failure or success, and the organizational change identifying the most vital areas for change with recommendations from John Kotter’s 8-step plan. References Aquino, J. (2011).15 Companies that died in the past year: Business Insider, Retrieved June 24, 2014, from http://www.businessinsider.com/15-companies-that-tanked-2011-3?op=1#ixzz35z4L2CQt Farfan, B. (2014). Apple Inc. mission statement is not very innovative and barely a mission at all. Retrieved from http://retailindustry.about.com/od/retailbestpractices/ig/Company-Mission-Statements/Apple-Inc–Mission-Statement.htm Finkle, T. A., & Mallin, M. L. (2010). Steve Jobss and Apple Inc. Journal of the International Academy of Case Studies, 16(7), 31-40. Hull, P. (2012). Be visionary. Think big. Retrieved from http://www.forbes.com/sites/patrickhull/2012/12/19/be-visionary-think-big/ Issacson. W. (2012). The Real Leadership Lessons of Steve Jobss. Retrieved from: hrb.org/2012/04/the-real-leadership-lessons-of-steve-Jobss/-The Real Leadership Lessons of Steve Jobss – Harvard Business Review Lashinsky. A. (2011). How Apple Works: Inside the world’s biggest startup. Retrieved from: fortune.com/201/08/25/how-apple-works-inside-the-worlds-biggest-startup-2/-How Apple works: Inside the world’s biggest startup McCarty. D. & Kary. T. (2010). Apollo Investment’s Inkeepers USA Trust Files for Bankruptcy in New York. Retrieved June 29, 2014 from: www.bloomberg.com/news/2010-07-19/inkeepers-usa-apollo-investment-unit-files-for-bankruptcy-in-new-york.html Robbins, S. R. & Judge, T. A. (2013). Organizational behavior (15th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson/Prentice Hall. Sullivan. J. (2011). Talent Management Lessons from Apple: A Case Study of the world’s most valuable firm. Retrieved from: www.ere.net/2011/09/12/talent-management-lessons-from-apple-a-case-study-of-the-worlds-most-valuable-firm-part-1-of-3/ Toma, S., Ph D., & Marinescu, P., Ph D. (2013). Steve Jobss and modern leadership. Manager, (17), 260-269. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/1518528902?accountid=35812 Worlds most admired companies. (2011). Retrieved from http://fortune.com/worlds-most-admired-companies/apple-1/ Yukl, G. (2013). Leadership in organizations (8th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson /Prentice Hall. Retrieved from: https://newclassroom3.phoenix.edu/Classroom/#/om3.phoenix.edu/Classroom/#/contextid/ (LDR/531)/ context / cdg/ view/activityDetails/activity/270c6ef7-2f01-4c47-8c71-5ba7a9d19509/ expanded/False