Personnel Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Personnel Management - Assignment Example Personnel management requires a sound management since we need to evaluate the status of the personnel activities. This is because there are a number of functions carried out in the personnel department that include: recruitment, training, rewarding, appraising, dismissing etc. To run the personnel department, the concerned individuals need to know the entire organisation and all the employees qualifications needed for various positions. Hence, understanding of personnel management models and theories is very essential. Models and theories of personnel management assist our understanding of the role of personnel management in an organisation. Legge (1978) characterises four models of personnel management. The four models of personnel management includes: Normative, Descriptive-functional, Critical-evaluative and Descriptive-behavioural. In normative framework, the personnel manager speaks about employees in the context of teams, quality, empowerment and creativity. The underpinning of the manager's opinion, norms and values about the people who work for them are reflected in McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y. (Storey, 1995) In a cold or harsh organisation, the firm's manager may be distant, erratic, and negative or cod. Their value may be coercive or exploitive as far as their behaviours are concerned. In such circumstances the personnel department: Keep salaries, wages and terms and conditions of employment very low They hire casual labourers only They behave with insensitivity towards employees The employees are supervised thoroughly as they work The employees do not develop deep seated trust in management because of the management behaviours. These norms and behaviours fall outside the welfare, participation and empowerment norms of the neo-human relations school which include: the welfare, participation and empowerment norms of the neo-human relations school which might include the following: Encouraging people to be part of a team Responding to the aspirations of individual members of the organisation Having employment policies that reflect broad societal needs for fairness and equity By seeking secure optimum utilisation of the human resources of the organisation by fitting the right people into the right jobs with the right rewards Putting emphasise on getting results through people by securing their commitment not by coercive or demanding means. The mangers behaving consistently and with sensitivity to the needs of others by applying sound planning, organisation, communication, motivation and controlling activities to acquire, develop, maintain and use the workforce effectively and economically. Normative emphasis may be pluralistic rather than unitary. Management's role and functional human resource management policies are emphasised even more where are different vested interests and a potential for conflict between groups whose objectives are different. Managers must manage conflict in professional ways being primarily responsible for taking the initiative, developing institutional relationships and mechanisms to anticipate problems and minimise the potential for damaging conflicts of right and interest, consulting and negotiating,

History response 17 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

History response 17 - Assignment Example Family, on the other hand, is the basic unit of society. The concept of family is important in understanding socialization since it is one of the most important agents of socialization that every one person is subjected to; in fact, it is the basis through which one is introduced to the values, norms, beliefs, interpersonal relationships, and opinions. From the TED Talk; I gathered that education and technology, which are important tenets of culture, play a critical role in socialization. The social realities that people are faced with, taught or experience, usually shape their understanding of their cultures. It is true that people always interpret their social actions through morals, norms, sentiments, and values, as the essence of social life (Grusec and Hastings 83). Family socialization alone cannot influence the upbringing of a child, social institutions and formal education also plays a major role in the shaping of the life of a person. It is worth, reiterating that socialization is that process through which people acculturate, people learn about their society’s norms, values, and beliefs. It is through socialization that a person can bear resemblance to another person; this is why a person is usually defined as being normal on the basis of the beliefs, standards and norms of the society that he is in (Grusec and Hastings 102). People are indirectly and directly influenced by the education they acquire from school, the family, church, media, as well as peer groups. Family, as a unit of socialization imparts beliefs, sociological or otherwise in on children through its acceptance, biases or approval of certain beliefs, values, or ideologies. The fundamental scope of socialization, however, remains embedded in culturalization; it is a lifelong happening (Grusec and Hastings 112). The culturalization of persons is achieved through a myriad of social institutions in the society, of which the family, church, and school are part of. Thus,

Accounting in its organisational context Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Accounting in its organisational context - Essay Example Admittedly, many people dislike change. Thus, the popularity of the traditional costing accounting method still persists until today. The following will explain in detail the many advantages and disadvantages of using the new costing accounting method called Activity Based Costing when contrasted and compared with the Traditional Cost accounting method.Many companies in the United States have shifted from to Activity Based Costing. The prior costing method normally used is the traditional based costing. However, the Activity based costing uses several pre -determined cost drivers that include materials bought to service the customers. In addition, the new activity based costing method is better than the traditional costing method because this new costing method distributes the total estimated cost of service organisation using the daily service activities (Caplan et al., 2005; p1). Furthermore, Activity based costing is a better costing method as compared to the traditional costing method if the service organisation has many different products to market. In a nutshell, activity based costing is better than the traditional method of allocating total costs because it uses activities as the stepping stone to reach the main purpose of setting up a business which is to generate profits. Finally, activity based costing is a preferred choice because it does not stop its tracks after it manages costs (Krumwiede & Roth, 2004; p 1).The prior costing method normally used is the traditional based costing. There are main features for service organizations in both the United States and the United Kingdom that differentiate it from the traditional method of accounting. One of the main features that distinguishes it as a better costing method is that it has many cost cools unlike the traditional costing method. The traditional costing method normally uses only one or two cost pools. The most popular cost pool under the traditional costing method is that total cost is divided by the total number of hours to arrive at a per hour rate. Then the actual number of hours spent for servicing a specific customer service order is multiplied by the pre -determined hourly customer service rate to arrive at the actual cost (Hussein, 2004; p 1).However, the Activity based costing uses several pre -determined cost drivers that include materials bought to service the customers. Also, the number of machine set ups used to repair a car in a car repair centre is one cost driver that that has made this costing method a success. In addition, the number of inspections that have been done in order to determine if the repair shop employees are doing their jobs to comply with the minimum benchmark in terms of job cost and quality is another cost driver that puts activity based costing in high demand. This is also used in the traditional cost accounting method (Lewis, 1993; p. 1) .In addition, the new activity based costing method is

The Legitimacy Question Surrounding the Death Penalty Research Paper - 1

The Legitimacy Question Surrounding the Death Penalty - Research Paper Example The literature on the topic of the death penalty reflects the polar nature of the debate, but oddly, both sides utilize statistics to support their respective positions. This is odd because the clichà © â€Å"statistics don’t lie† does not seem to apply. However, primarily, the problem is how both sides use their statistics. An argument such as â€Å"death penalty deters future murders†, after all, cannot both be true and be false at the same time. However, a quick glance at the literature shows it is indeed possible for both a claim and its negation to find statistical support. Additionally, research is often done into the statistics of death penalty with a specific argument in mind. For instance, two very important articles in the history of the debate try to give an answer to whether there is a racial bias against certain minorities in how the death penalty is handled.   The first article was written by Isaac Ehrlich and published in 1975 dealing primarily with the deterrent effect of the death penalty. In it, he remarks that the deterrent argument against the death penalty is one of many arguments put favor in support of the practice: namely, that the thought the death penalty will make a potential killer â€Å"think twice† about committing a violent crime. This is an â€Å"economic† approach and defense to murder, which justifies the incentive-based approach Ehrlich takes in analyzing the deterrence effect. The model he creates is designed to represent an economic model of murder to test against available data for validation. The model he creates is designed to represent an economic model of murder to test against available data for validation. The model he generates during the course of his article analyzes earning opportunities, employment, the probability of apprehension, the probability of conviction, and frequency of violent crim e against actual violent crime rates.  

PRACTICAL AND WRITTEN ASSESSMENT Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

PRACTICAL AND WRITTEN ASSESSMENT - Assignment Example 66). This paper looks at performance management system in the Fasset sector. Performance management process in this organization is a major process in any organization because it assists the management and their staff to sustain the organization when implementing their business strategies (Marr, 2012, p. 79). It is; thus, an essential section of an organization joining the managers and their staff. The system is planned to support communication and criticism between administration and staff. It creates prospects for distinctive work implementation, and work as a basis for compensating top workers. Armstrong and Baron (2003, p. 67) noted that organizations need a controlled technique of interaction between different ranks of the association. Businesses that need and encourage this reaction circle can gather information on performance and develop from the facts obtained. The entire process involves employees and their supervisors, observation procedures and individual testing techniques (Bernthal, Rogers & Smith, 2003, p. 68). It usually involves frequent interactions between the management and workers concerning the organization. These compulsory communications ensure workers have an opportunity to interact and share ideas (Boland and Fowler, 2000, p. 417). Business interior environment comprises of the components within the corporation, including present workers, administration, and particularly business background, which describes staff member’s behaviour (Bernthal et al. 2001, p. 17). Some of these factors affect the organization as a whole while others only affects the managers. Leadership styles used by managers can affect the entire organization. An organizational statement describes what the association represents and reasons why the organization exists (Brigall and Modell, 2000, p. 281). The statement explains the general purpose of the association and comprises of the qualities that

Different forms of healing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Different forms of healing - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that healing refers to the restoration of well-being after a state of dysfunction of the mind and body. This may occur spontaneously or over time and is subject to many different factors. These factors help to create a difference of perspective and approach to different kinds of healing. People, therefore, tend to adopt the form of healing that works best for them. This may make all them skeptical of all the other forms, but that belittling is unnecessary. One thing that all do agree in the concept of healing is the occurrence of a state of dysfunction and the subsequent attempt to remedy it. Medical healing is the newest form of healing. It involves the evaluation of a disease state of the body, and this process occurs under the watchful eye a trained physician. The physician makes an attempt of examining the signs and symptoms presented by the ailing individual. An intelligent guess follows, and a series of tests have to be done to rule o ut most of the possibilities. This aims at increasing the chances of a correct diagnosis. Since most disease conditions are elaborate from extensive study, the remedy or relevant management for a correctly diagnosed condition is always at hand. This is the mainstream form of healing that now renders the other entire forms alternative. Energy healing is a form of an alternative process of restoration to full function. Those who prefer this form of healing are rather conservative and not ready to embrace contemporary medicine. Individuals for this form of healing argue that physical pain is only a symptom of a complex or a greater imbalance. These may or may not have its causative origin within the physical body (Sternberg, 2009). Modalities of Energy Healing Energy healing has found vast application today as a form of complementary or alternative form of healing. The few forms described above give a basic concept that energy-healing modalities only differ in scope and method of delivery, whether hands-on, hands-off or even distant. The most common of these methods include Acupuncture, Reiki, Aromatherapy, Yoga, Applied Kinesiology and Hypnotherapy. However, they all tend to agree that in all these methods, an individual has to be viewed in totality and not just as a sum of his or her body parts as seen in contemporary medicine. Energy healing comes in many forms. The four principal forms can be elucidated. Pranic Healing Pranic healing is one of the highly evolved forms of energy healing. It was developed by Master Choa Kok Sui. It is a relatively cheap yet effective method of energy healing. This has a fundamental basis that is, the conviction that the body is a self-repairing living unit. This argument gives the body the ability to heal itself using the readily available prana. Prana, as explained by Master Choa, is an invisible life force or bioenergy that keeps the body alive. This bioenergy is available from the sun, air and even the ground. This form of healing is popular among people who are skeptical to contact healing. This is because it involves no contact whatsoever between the practitioner and the ailing individual or client. It suggests that the practitioner works on the bio-plasmic body and not directly on the physical body. The bio-plasmic body is the aura that as argued, tends to surround and interpenetrate the physical body. It sustains the physical body and affects emotions, how people cope with stress, affairs and even finances. Pranic healing views ailments as energetic disruptions in the aura that later manifest as physical problems and, therefore, can be reversed by manipulating the said aura (Sternberg, 2009).

Issues Of Abusing Study Drugs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Issues Of Abusing Study Drugs - Essay Example Any student abusing the study drugs respective authorities ought to arrest him or her because these drugs end up doing more harm than good in the end. These study drugs have very many side effects. They include increased blood pressure, irregular heartbeats and changes in sex drive or impotence, in the long term. In the short term, the drugs may cause restlessness, anxiety, headaches, insomnia, dizziness, mouth dryness, paranoia, suppressed appetite, diarrhea or constipation (â€Å"The University of Texas†). In addition to these drugs having mild to severe side effects, the drugs have a potential overreliance (â€Å"The University of Texas†). These study drugs should be banned and every student abusing them to be arrested since they have many side effects that could have long-lasting effects on the user in addition to causing dependence. The fact that study drugs are abused more than marijuana and are easier to get is a worrying fact. Research shows that over 30 percent of students in the university have illegally taken the drugs, with the number being more for the upperclassmen. This is quite worrying since the federal government lists the Adderall as a schedule II drug. The schedule II drugs have the highest potential for abuse and a dependence profile (Cooper). Moreover, according to Dr. Kotwicki, these drug produce euphoria, they may temporarily work but in the end cause problems with functionality. Students abuse drugs such as Ritalin to enhance their alertness and attention leading to better performance. However, according to CBC news, evidence suggests that the drugs do not increase cognition (â€Å"CBC news†). It is so sad that students abuse these drugs thinking that it helps them but they end up harming them.