Buying a House Is Better Than Renting

Buying a house is a better option than renting an apartment. † In this essay I will discuss about the major benefits of buying a house rather than renting an apartments. While it can be costly it is a safer place to live that has long term-investment and tax advantage. Buying a house may be difficult and it can be a confusing process, even for veteran buyers. Here are some tasks that housing experts say before getting into the buying a house. Get financials in order. Buyers should check their credit score, taxes, 401(k) s and other aspects of their financial situation to determine the maximum amount they are comfortable affording for their monthly mortgage, utilities, maintenance, taxes and insurance. If one’s credit score is low, he or she may need to get it higher before applying for a mortgage. A bad credit score may not just affect the buyers’ rates, but may prevent them from getting a mortgage. Buyers should also get pre-approved by a broker or lender — that means they get an agreement by a bank to lend the buyer up to a specific amount for a home, and the bank tells sellers that financing is already lined up. When a buyer finds the right house, he or she make an offer and apply for a mortgage. While every local market is different, most economists say buyers are generally in the driver's seat today this mean, buyers can ask to lower the price of prospected home. Fifty-three percent of homeowners believe a seller's market is still two or more years away, according to a survey of 2,003 adults between March 30 and April 2 by American Express. This market is very local. Homes in Chicago are getting multiple offers and going for more than 10% over the asking price, for example, while those in Fort Lauderdale are selling for 20% less than list price, according to Zip Realty. When a buyer his ready to purchase a house, they should have enough cash for a down payment, which can be a minimum of 10%, and extra funds for closing costs, including appraisal costs and move-in deposit. Buyers need to make sure that if they are buying a used house, they need to check any additions or construction to an existing home have been properly filed with the city and approved for better appraisal or buyer can purchase a new house if they would want to. When he or she owns and lives in a house, there are many benefits that come with owning and living in the house. The following are the benefits of living in a house. One major benefit of living in a house is safety and privacy. In apartments there are limited. Living in a house, He or she does not have too many neighbors around him or her compares to living in apartments where neighbors is literally next door and with in your arms reach. When he or she lives in a house, they are always on the ground floor, where in apartments tenants can have no choice but to climb those stairs and maybe all the way to the last floor. When he or she lives in a house, they definitely have no problem where to park their vehicle; they can have their own garage and a driveway, which is more comfortable and much safer than apartment’s parking lot. Apartments have a higher crime rate compare to any types of housing, According to the National Crime Prevention Council, the organization best known for McGruff the Crime Dog, apartments are eighty-five percent more likely to be victimized by burglaries compare to Even though one may feel safe living in a house or apartment, they still need to practice vigilance and prevention to avoid becoming a victim of property theft or other crimes. Buying a house can be great long term investment. As old and basic as it is, the number one rule in real estate still hasn't changed: location is everything. The area in which the house is located– its surroundings and distance from an urban center – has a profound impact on the long-term value of one’s home. Real estate experts have long cautioned against owning the most lavish house in the neighborhood or making extravagant home improvements that far outdo everything else around. The fact is that, generally speaking, pricey homes don not appreciate as much as more modest structures do. It is typically better to buy the least expensive house in an upscale neighborhood and make improvements. In such a case, your home will appreciate more in value. Although the average change in house prices are related to changes in fundamentals or perhaps market-wide bubbles, not all houses in a market appreciate at the same rate. Apartments only increase in rent as the years go by. Renters will never own a piece of the apartment or cash out any money they put in, unlike in paying the â€Å"mortgage. † If the owner continues paying the mortgage, in 15, 20 or 30 years (depending on the length of the loan) the house is theirs. Homeowner can deduct on their federal and state income taxes the amount of mortgage interest and real estate taxes they pay each year. For example, by itemizing deductions on the tax return, a married couple filing jointly can deduct $21,000 from his taxable income. A renting married couple may not have a lot of deductions, so they might choose the standard deduction, which is $10,300. Home receives an additional $10,700 in tax deduction than the renting couple. Assuming both couples each earn $100,000 per year. The renting couple would have to pay income tax on $89,700. The owning couple would pay tax on $79,000 difference of $10,000 owners can put in their pocket. Everyone wants to cut back on what they pay in taxes and home ownership not only decreases taxes, but builds equity. Equity is the difference between the market value of a property and the claims held against it. Having equity, homeowner may borrow money using equity as collateral. This is another benefit of buying a house instead of renting an apartment. While it can be costly it is a safer place to live that has long term-investment and tax advantage.

Introducing government in america Essay

A. Defining Democracy 1. Democracy is a means of selecting policymakers and of organizing government so that policy reflects citizens’ preferences. B. Traditional Democratic Theory 1. Equality in voting 2. Effective participation 3. Enlightened understanding 4. Citizen control of the agenda 5. Inclusion 6. Democracies must practice majority rule and preserve minority rights. 7. The relationship between the few leaders and the many followers is one of representation. C. Three Contemporary Theories of American Democracy 1. Pluralist theory states that groups with shared interests influence public policy by pressing their concerns through organized efforts. 2. Elite and class theory contends that societies are divided along class lines, and that an upper-class elite pulls the strings of government. 3. Hyperpluralism contends that many groups are so strong that government is unable to act. D. Challenges to Democracy 1. Increased Technical Expertise 2. Limited Participation in Government 3. Escalating Campaign Costs 4. Diverse Political Interests (policy gridlock) E. American Political Culture and Democracy 1. Political culture consists of the overall set of values widely shared within a society. 2. Liberty 3. Egalitarianism 4. Individualism 5. Laissez-faire 6. Populism F. A Culture War? (Is America polarized into rival political camps with different political cultures?) G. Preview Questions about Democracy VI. The Scope of Government in America (pp. 23–26) A. How Active Is American Government? B. Preview Questions about the Scope of Government VII. Summary (p. 26) LEARNING OBJECTIVES After studying Chapter 1, you should be able to: 1. Describe what government is and what governments do. 2. Understand how politics is the struggle over â€Å"who gets what, when, and how.† 3. Identify the important features of the policymaking system and explain how public policies are the choices that government makes—and declines to make—in response to political issues. 4. Understand the nature of democratic government and traditional democratic theory, and the key questions concerning democracy. 5. Distinguish among the three contemporary theories of American democracy and politics (pluralist, elite and class, and hyperpluralist) and identify some of their strengths and weaknesses. 6. Understand the nature of American political culture and identify the elements of the American creed. 7. Understand the nature of the scope of government in America and the key questions concerning the scope of government. The following exercises will help you meet these objectives: Objective 1: Describe what government is and what governments do. 1. Define the term â€Å"government.† The institutions that make authoritative decisions for any given society. 2. What are the two fundamental questions about governing that serve as themes throughout the textbook? 1. How should we govern? 2. What should government do? 3. List the five functions that all national governments perform. 1. Maintain a national defense 2. Provide public services 3. Preserve order 4. Socialize the young 5. Collect taxes Objective 2: Understand that politics is the struggle over â€Å"who gets what, when, and how.† 1. Define the term â€Å"politics.† Determines whom we select as our governmental leaders and what policies these leaders pursue. 2. Give examples of the â€Å"who,† â€Å"what,† â€Å"when,† and â€Å"how† of politics. 1. Who: Voters, candidates, groups, and parties 2. What: New taxes, medical care for the elderly 3. When: When people speak up 4. How: Voting, supporting, compromising, lobbying Objective 3: Identify the important features of the policy system and explain how public policies are the choices that government makes, and declines to make, in response to political issues. 1. Draw a diagram of how a policy system works. Political issues get on policy agenda Policymakers make policy Policies affect people People Linkage institutions Policy Agenda Policymaking institutions Policy People 2. List four key linkage institutions in a democratic society. 1. Parties 2. Interest groups 3. Media 4. Elections 3. Define the term â€Å"policy agenda.† The issues that attract the serious attention of public officials and other people actually involved in politics at in given point in time. 4. How does a government’s policy agenda change? Responds more to societal failures than successes. For example, when jobs are scarce and business productivity is falling, economic problems occupy a high position in the agenda. 5. List the four major policymaking institutions in the United States. 1. Congress 2. The Presidency 3. The Courts 4. Bureaucracies 6. Define the term â€Å"policy impacts.† The effects a policy has on people and problems. Impacts are analyzed to see how well a policy has met its goal and at what cost. Objective 4: Understand the nature of democratic government, traditional democratic theory, and the key questions concerning democracy. 1. Define the term â€Å"democracy† as used in this text. A system of selecting policymakers and of organizing government so that policy represents and responds to the public’s preferences. 2. List the five cornerstones of an ideal democracy. 1. Equality in voting 2. Effective participation 3. Enlightened understanding 4. Citizen control of the agenda 5. Inclusion 3. Explain the principles of majority rule and minority rights. When choosing among alternatives, the will of over half the voters should be followed, but restraints protecting the minority’s rights. Objective 5: Distinguish among the three contemporary theories of American democracy and politics (pluralist, elite and class, and hyperpluralist) and identify some of their strengths and weaknesses. 1. Complete the following table comparing pluralist, elite and class, and hyperpluralist theories according to who holds the power and how policy is made. Theory| Who Holds Power| How Policy is Made| Pluralist| Groups with shared interests| Pressing their concernsthrough organized efforts| Elite and Class| Upper -class| They can afford to finance election campaigns and control key institutions| Hyperpluralist| Groups| Groups are so strong that government is weakened| 2. List the major challenges facing American democracy. 1. Increased Technical Expertise 2. Limited Participation in Government 3. Escalating Campaign Costs 4. Diverse Political Interests Objective 6: Understand the nature of American political culture and identify the elements of the American creed. 1. What is ‘political culture’ and why is it crucial to understanding American government? An overall set of values widely shared within a society. It is crucial to understanding American government because Americans are so diverse in terms of ancestries, religions, and heritages. A set of shared beliefs and values unites Americans. 2. List and give an example of the five elements of the American creed according to Seymour Martin Lipset. 1. Liberty 2. Egalitarianism 3. Individualism 4. Laissez – faire 5. Populism 3. List three ways in which America might be experiencing a crisis of cultural values. 1. A loss over time of traditional values, such as the importance of religion and family life 2. An unfavorable comparison with the citizens of other countries in terms of values such as patriotism or support for moral principles 3. The division of society into opposed groups with irreconcilable moral differences Objective 7: Understand the nature of the scope of government in America and the key questions concerning the scope of government. 1. Make a list of items that illustrate the scope of American government. Owns 1/3 of the land I the U.S., owns and operates over 400,000 nonmilitary vehicles, employs over 2.2 million people, etc 2. What is gross domestic product and how does the term illustrate the scope of American government? The sum total of the value of all the goods and services produced in a nation. Gross domestic product illustrates the scope of American government because it not only spends large sums of money but also employs large numbers of people. About 18 million Americans work for our government. KEY TERMS Identify and describe: Government – The institutions that make authoritative decisions for any given society public goods – Services the government provides that can be shared by everyone and cannot be denied to anyone politics – Determines whom we select as our governmental leaders and what policies these leaders pursue political participation – The ways in which people get involved in politics single-issue groups – Groups so concerned with one issue that members cast their votes on the basis of that issue only, ignoring the politicians stand on everything else policymaking system – Reveals the way our government responds to the priorities of its people linkage institutions – The political channels through which people’s concerns become political issues on the policy agenda. In the US, linkage institutions include elections, political parties, interest groups, and the media. policy agenda – The issues that attract the serious attention of publ ic officials and other people actively involved in politics at any given time political issue – The result of people disagreeing about a problem or about the public policy needed to fix it policymaking institutions – Congress, the presidency, and the courts public policy – Every decision the government makes policy impacts – The effects that a policy has on people and on society’s problems democracy – A means of selecting policymakers and organizing government so that policy reflects citizen’s preferences majority rule – In choosing among alternatives, the will of over half the voters should be followed minority rights – Rights the majority cannot infringe on representation – The relationship between the few leaders and the many citizens pluralist theory – States that groups with shared interests influence public policy by pressing their concerns through organized efforts elite and class theory – Contends that our society, like all societies, is divided along class lines and that an upper-class elite pulls the strings of government hyperpluralism – Groups are so strong that government is weakened, as influence of many groups cripples government’s ability to make policy policy gridlock – Each policy coalition finds its way blocked by others political culture – The overall set of values widely shared within American society Gross domestic product – The total value of all goods and services produced annually by the United States Name that term: 1. Something in which any member of society can share without diminishing the supply to any other member of society. ____Public Goods__________ 2. It consists of subjects and problems getting the attention of government officials and their associates. _________________________ 3. This is a choice that government makes in response to an issue on its agenda. ____Policy Agenda_________ 4. This arises when people disagree about a problem or about public policy choices made to combat a problem. _____Political Issue________ 5. Political parties, elections, and interest groups are the main ones in the United States. _____Linkage Institutions___ 6. The effects a policy has on people and on society’s problems. _____Policy Impacts_______ 7. The most fundamental aspect of democratic theory. _____Majority Rule_______ 8. According to this theory of American government, many groups are so strong and numerous that the government is unable to act. _____Hyperpluralism______ 9. This problem is magnified when voters choose a president from one party and congressional majorities from the other party. ____Policy Gridlock_______ 10. A key factor that holds American democracy together. ____Political Culture________ 11. The total value of all goods and services produced annually by the United States. __Gross Domestic Product____ MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS Circle the correct answer: 1. Which of the following statements is TRUE? a. There is no relationship between political knowledge and age. b. In the mid-1960s, there was virtually no relationship between political knowledge and age; now, in the early twenty-first century, political knowledge increases with age. c. In the mid-1960s, there was virtually no relationship between political knowledge and age; now, in the early twenty-first century, political knowledge decreases with age. d. Today, in the early twenty-first century, there is virtually no relationship between political knowledge and age; in the mid-1960s, political knowledge increased with age. e. Today, in the early twenty-first century, there is virtually no relationship between political knowledge and age; in the mid-1960s, political knowledge decreased with age. 2. Political scientists argue that higher levels of political knowledge a. foster tolerance. b. foster intolerance. c. promote partisanship. d. promote bipartisanship. e. increase wealth. 3. Despite their differences, all governments a. provide public services. b. maintain a national defense. c. collect taxes. d. All of the above e. C only 4. Which of the following is an example of a public good? a. Libraries b. Parks c. College education d. All of the above e. Both a and b 5. Single-issue groups a. aid effective policymaking for the public interest. b. are concerned with a wide range of problems. c. have very little influence on voters or politicians. d. tend to have a narrow interest and to dislike compromise. e. view politics as a vocation, rather than as an avocation. 6. Which of the following is NOT a component of the policymaking system? a. People b. Linkage institutions c. Policy agenda d. Criminal justice institutions e. Policymaking institutions 7. Which of the following is TRUE of the policymaking system? a. Linkage institutions transmit people’s interests to government. b. Media investigate social problems and inform people about them. c. Elections enable Americans to make their opinions heard by choosing their public officials. d. People, linkage institutions, media, and elections all help to shape the policy agenda? e. All of the above 8. In a democratic society, parties, elections, interest groups, and the media are all examples of ____ between the preferences of citizens and the government’s policy agenda. a. cross-pollination b. inputs and outputs c. ideological bridges d. obstacles e. linkage institutions 9. Karl Marx and Freidrich Engels published a. The Communist Manifesto b. A Theory of Democracy c. The Federalist Papers d. Poor Richard’s Almanac e. War and Peace 10. Which of the following is NOT a type of public policy? a. Congressional statute b. Regulation c. Court decision d. Budgetary choices e. Mandate 11. The principle of â€Å"one person, one vote,† is an expression of the principle of a. equality in voting. b. effective participation. c. enlightened understanding. d. inclusion. e. citizen control of the agenda. 12. The principle of traditional democracy theory guaranteeing rights to those who do not belong to majorities and allows that they might join majorities through persuasion and reasoned argument is called the principle of a. majority rule. b. minority rights. c. representation. d. pluralism. e. enlightened understanding. 13. Pluralists a. believe that the public interest will prevail through bargaining and compromise. b. depend on fragmented, decentralized, and dispersed power in the policy process. c. oppose the principle of majority rule. d. compete through a system of â€Å"minority rule† for influence. e. All of the above 14. Who referred to the U.S. as a â€Å"nation of joiners†? a. Thomas Jefferson b. Alexis de Tocqueville c. Robert Putnam d. Ronald Reagan e. George H. W. Bush 15. Increased technical expertise poses a potential challenge to democracy because a. it is difficult to have an informed â€Å"nontechnical† public debate on technical issues. b. it goes against the tenets of pluralist political theory. c. it violates the notion of one man, one vote. d. elected officials find it hard to understand technical experts. e. interest groups have a difficult time securing technical expertise. 16. A condition that occurs when no coalition is strong enough to form a majority and establish policy is a. PAC. b. policy gridlock. c. policy failure. d. policy impact. e. hyperpluralist policy. 17. The overall set of values widely shared within a society is called the society’s a. political culture. b. public opinion. c. media influence. d. linkage institutions. e. popular culture. 18. America’s bountiful frontier provides a partial explanation for which element of the American creed? a. Egalitarianism b. Populism c. Individualism d. Opportunism e. Liberty 19. Which of the following is NOT a possible way that Americans may be experiencing a crisis of culture values, according to Wayne Baker? a. A loss of traditional values, such as religion and family life b. An unfavorable comparison with citizens of other countries in terms of patriotism and/or support for moral principles c. The division of society into opposed groups with irreconcilable moral differences d. A decline in citizens’ commitment to equal opportunity e. None of the above 20. Which of the following statements is TRUE? a. When expenditures grow, tax revenues must grow to pay the additional costs. b. When taxes do not grow as fast as spending, a budget deficit results. c. In 2009, the federal deficit was more than $400 billion. d. The national debt is more than $9 trillion. e. All of the above TRUE FALSE QUESTIONS Circle the correct answer: 1. The voter turnout rate among young Americans is consistently higher than among older Americans. T / F 2. Emergent communication technologies and the proliferation of television channels make it easier to avoid information about politics. T / F 3. All governments protect national sovereignty, frequently by maintaining a national defense and armed forces. T / F 4. The daily recitation of the Pledge of Allegiance in public schools is a tool of political socialization used to instill national values among the young. T / F 5. The courts are an example of a linkage institution. T / F 6. The policy agenda responds more to societal failures than it responds to societal successes. T / F 7. Most people around the world believe that democracy is the best form of government. T / F 8. Over one-third of the nation’s wealth is held by just 1 percent of the population. T / F 9. The tax burden on Americans is small compared to other democratic nations. T / F 10. Lincoln’s famous phrase, â€Å"government of the people, for the people, and by the people,† is a classic expression of laissez-faire. T / F

Essay style answers regarding Euroland Case Study in terms of

Style answers regarding Euroland Case Study in terms of marketing - Essay Example Internal inefficiencies such as supplying products from plants located in different cities than from ones in same cities (because of low capacity), reduced throughput speed and increased accidents, spillage, inventory spoilage, shrinkage and breakage and production tie ups cause frequent disruptions in delivering products to the buyers that later weaken the sales. The major external factor that has resulted in stagnation of Euroland Foods’s core business is low population growth in northern Europe. In fact, there has bee no genuine increase in the demand of products offered by Euroland because of negligible increase in market size. The sales had been static since 1998, which is attributed to market saturation in some areas besides northern Europe. Secondly, the competitors have introduced new products in the market, hence attracting more customers and taking away the share from Euroland Foods. Euroland Foods’s, at present, apparently has adopted a Market Penetration growth strategy since it believes in selling its existing products Ice-cream, Yogurt, bottled water and fresh juices to existing market segments. It can be concluded that this strategy has not resulted in any real growth in terms of monetary and volumetric sales as it remained stagnant over years, which has adversely affected its brand equity and market valuation. If Euroland Foods were to take Darrochs advice, it would prioritize a proposal about â€Å"replacement and expansion of truck fleet† which is aimed at substituting new trucks and delivery vehicles with new ones as well as adding new fuel-efficient excessive capacity trucks to reduce its maintenance costs and improving the ability to transport more products at a time. Also, it could accept proposals related to expanding Nuremberg plant capacity by 20%, to increase automation of the production lines at six of the companys

The Impact of Information Technology on Photojournalism Essay

The Impact of Information Technology on Photojournalism - Essay Example Ethical values must be incorporated to information technology to make the photos more realistic. Identification of ethical issues of Impact of Information Technology on Photojournalism. Kenny Irby stated that photo journalism is the craft of employing photographic storytelling to document life (Quinn 2005). Jeremy Iggers states â€Å"Journalism's conversation about ethics has not changed all that much since the 1920s, but in the past decade, journalism itself has changed dramatically. The Cultural Revolution currently underway in America's newsrooms is making journalism's ethical conversation increasingly irrelevant (p. 75)†. A visiting French journalist toured the United States in the 1980s and commented that the wide variance between ethics talk and the practice of journalism led him to suspect that "ethics was implemented partly as a remedial procedure, partly as a public relations act, and partly as a way of escape goating the journalists, transferring onto the journalists’ all the blame for the media's negative actions. Generally, during the current century, the formal requirements for a meaningful discussion about the delicate topic of ethics hav e been set into motion. In theory, the journalists were professionals with a high degree of self- autonomy, and the newspaper had been formally pledged implement a job of public service. What may be ethically influential about the most recent changes in the print industry is that these entities of autonomy and accountability are systematically being disbanded. The changes incorporate the introduction of new technology that lessens the level of skill needed of the company press workers. Nicholas Burbules (2000) theorized â€Å"From recent popular films such as ‘The Net’ or ‘Enemy of the State,’ to countless news features in the media, there is a growing sense of awareness of the vast implications of digital technologies for traditional assumptions about privacy. The volume of information that is instantly recorded whenever one uses a credit card, travels the Internet, visits a hospital or pharmacy, files a tax return, rents a film on video tape, and so onâ €”information that can be accessed by authorized and unauthorized persons alike—has changed the speed and ease with which much of one's personal life and activities (including the circumstances of one's very body) can be recorded and observed by others (p. 121)†. The photo journalist has the ethical responsibility to deliver the facts, not the lies. Philip Seib (Seib, 1994) observes â€Å"Political journalism matters. That's not just a reporter's ego speaking. It's a hard fact about how the political system works. Politicians' words and deeds earn few votes unless the public knows about them. Issues may seem obscure and unimportant unless news stories explain their significance. And, from another perspective, candidates can learn much about the electorate by monitoring what news organizations report, especially local media (p. 1)†. Normally, during the election season, many candidates are bound to depend on news coverage to win the discriminating residentsâ⠂¬â„¢ votes. More than 100 million Americans visit the polls during the seasonal presidential election. In addition, many bus tours and whistle-stop train trips have their quaint appeal, and, as was the case for Bill Clinton in 1992, this kind of campaigning can enter into a mutually beneficial bond with voters and set the tone for a new government candidate. However, in-person campaigning will not get a candidate in touch with the massive number of voters the political figure wants in order win the elusive senate,

Human Rights Act Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Human Rights Act - Essay Example The omission of the right to an effective remedy for violations of Convention rights (Article 13 ECHR) from the list of Convention rights which the Act made part of municipal law militated against the development of innovative remedies. So did the careful preservation of the principle of the legislative sovereignty of the Queen in Parliament, making it impossible to strike down primary legislation which is held to be incompatible with a Convention right. (The remedial regime would be much enhanced if the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights becomes legally enforceable through the implementation of the EU Constitution: parliamentary legislation which is incompatible with the Charter rights would then be ineffective to the extent of the incompatibility). Under section 4 of the Human Rights Act 1998, the higher courts can make a declaration of incompatibility, but that does not affect the validity or effectiveness of the incompatible legislation. Thirdly, on the other hand, the political pr ocess has proved to be responsive to the injection of human rights standards. The Act carefully preserved parliamentary sovereignty in the sense that courts are unable to misapply or strike down legislation on the ground of an incompatibility with a Convention right under the Act. ... This means that the ultimate interpretative principle does not now turn on the literal meaning or objective purpose of the legislative text but on the effect which will be best calculated to secure compatibility with Convention rights, subject to the constraint of the 'possibility' of a reading or effect in the light of the legislative text. There are important questions as to the point at which a reading or effectuation of legislation that is legitimate for a decision-maker in his or her institutional position in the state shades into illegitimate legislative action. However, subject to this it is clear that the literal reading of legislation, the intention of the legislature, and the mischief which the legislation was designed to address no longer offer a final answer to questions as to the meaning and application of legislation. To some extent this restricts the practical ability of Parliament to give effect to legislative purposes, at least in so far as the mode of expression leads to a result that is incompatible with Convention rights. Unlike the duty under section 3 of the Act, the power of one of the higher courts under section 4 to make a declaration of incompatibility in relation to legislation does not formally limit the capacity of the Queen in Parliament to give effect to Her legislative goals or the means by which Her Majesty can do so. However, a declaration under section 4 has some odd characteristics in the perspective of accepted constitutional principles. The Queen in Parliament has authorized judges to declare that parliamentary legislation is in some sense wrongful by reference to the objective, legal standards set by Convention rights. Admittedly

Business ideas Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Business ideas - Essay Example Imam (Muslim priest) or a Muslim scholar who would serve as a Consultant to ensure that the clothing style that will be made by the company is appropriate for Muslim women. This is critical because the competitive advantage of the company is its ability to serve a certain niche with a cultural and religious overtone. The company cannot afford to make a mistake especially during its initial phase because when it will lose its credibility in that segment either by mistake or ignorance, it is already doom to fail because Muslim women are its sole market. Know-how on what are appropriate clothing designs for Muslim women. Fabrics to sew or create such design. Employees who have knowledge and expertise in sewing Islamic high fashion clothes. Capital to start and operate a business. Being culturally and religiously correct does not mean that people has to dress dull. The Islamic high fashion clothing line that will be introduced by the company in the market will be stylish but culturally and religiously aligned with the dressing prescription of Islam for women. Customers will the center of the business. Such, the business will take the pain to consult Muslim scholars about the appropriateness of the clothing line in addition to the effort of making the clothing line stylish and comfortable. The channel of establishing customer relationships and distribution shall be highly selective since the target market is highly specialized. Marketing efforts in establishing customer relationship will only be limited to Islamic communities where the target markets are concentrated. Since the proposed business is targeted towards a market with a high disposable income, the channel of distribution will also be situated in high street fashion retail stores to make the product appropriate to the status of its market. The idea of putting up a clothing business that caters to a specific market has a very good chance of success provided that it will be done right. The

Federal Training Programs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Federal Training Programs - Essay Example The curriculum in the training programs is designed in such a manner to enhance the competence and capabilities of the work force and to increase the leadership qualities of the senior management. The participants are trained in a manner to enhance their capabilities and to serve the country in future. The training programs of the Federal Government were aimed at reducing the unemployment problem, under wages, inequality due to sex and race, women empowerment and addressing the problem of asylum seekers and refugees. According to government's initiative about the training programs undertaken, four strategic goals are to be achieved. They are 1. A prepared work force, A secure Work force, Quality Work places and a Competitive Work force. Achieving these targets was done well in the past now the strategic plan is being upgraded.1 According to the new goals of achievement are 1. A prepared work force should give training and offer services to newly recruited workers and those services must reflect quality. They must supply information about the economy. A competitive work force increases the capacity of the work force. It develops the capabilities of the work force and the regulatory systems. ... It develops the capabilities of the work force and the regulatory systems. These regulatory systems must assist the workers and managements in coping with the challenges in the international competition. These programs must ensure the safety, health in work places. The work places will be safe and secure. These safe and secure measures include the wages of the workers and also equality between them. The equality in opportunity and employment must be achieved. This equality must be applied for both the sexes and all the races. By protecting the economy the economic security can be strengthened and must ensure transparency in the Union. This will provide secure pensions and health benefits for the retired and disabled personnel. Along with the above achievements the president's management Agenda can be considered as the focus of the efforts of the department of labor. These include management of Human capital, increasing competitiveness in sourcing, financial performance, e governance and integration in budget performance. The goals, if achieved in a right perspective, they respond to evolving employment and training needs. By spurring the work force the department can give workers more flexibility, which makes them career oriented. This can create work force investment. The department did provide grants in order to enhance the capacity of the community and technical colleges, which train workers. Along with the above targets the protection of the workers also was present in the consideration. Emphasizing on high risk work places to make them more secure is one of the targets. The people involved in fighting global war on terror also will be considered and their needs will be addressed. To address

E-learning as a Tool for Human Resource Management Essay

E-learning as a Tool for Human Resource Management - Essay Example But it really is the HR manager himself, who needs all these knowledge vis--vis his role of retaining all these bright employees and stemming the tide of employee dissatisfaction in the sphere of compensation, job motivation and morale. He must be constantly updated with all the latest techniques. He needs retraining himself in interpersonal and leadership skills and must bone up on actual case studies in order to learn from the failings or success of others and must improve his communication skills and find the possible causes for high turnover rates, if such is presently bedeviling the corporation itself. The heaviest load thrown in his shoulders, however, is the maximisation of employee performance. And this can be done by a sound and efficient organisation that keeps "all programs and initiatives aligned to a framework of increased performance" (Stockley 2005, p.1). Literature Review Many authors of HRM literature point out to e-learning as the panacea to all the above problems . Human resource management, itself is defined as "a set of interdependent personnel policies to maximise 4 objectives: organisational integration, employee commitment, flexibility and quality" (Clark 1993, p.3). E-learning, meanwhile, is defined as "learning facilitated and supported through the use of information and communications technology" (Lingham 2008, p.1). It is also "the "use of the internet or an organizational intranet to conduct training on-line". By intranet, he is referring to a... This essay stresses that HRM must deal with this aspect in conjunction with its traditional roles of recruitment, training, performance appraisal and salary administration. This paper declares that e-learning, meanwhile, is defined as â€Å"learning facilitated and supported through the use of information and communications technology†. It is also â€Å"the â€Å"use of the internet or an organizational intranet to conduct training on-line†. By intranet, he is referring to a â€Å"private organizational network behind firewall software that restricts access to authorised users, including employees participating in learning†. This is more germane to my proposal of the setting up of e-learning in banks and making it an effective tool for HRM. Today’s literature is replete with enthusiasm about this modern literacy that is permeating practically all facets of society. It is called a â€Å"technological revolution that is bringing democratic changes to our society† and describes how the US Education Department and independent research institutes and universities consider the urgency of the implementation to maximise the u se of e-learning in their organisations. E-learning since the last decades has already gained foothold in homes and thus virtually everybody is acquainted with it as people communicate with friends or loved ones through the internet or by e-mail. So it is not beyond comprehension that this could have myriads of uses and could be useful as tool for human resource management, specifically in banks.

The Support For Social And Political Reform In The 1960s. Watergate Essay

The Support For Social And Political Reform In The 1960s. Watergate political scandal - Essay Example There were enormous civil rights struggles, militant wages struggles in virtually every sector of the economy and urban riots. So why did all of this decline in the 1970's One of the reasons for this decline was that the 1970's was a time of the rise of the Conservative Right as a reaction to the permissiveness of the counter-culture in the 1960's which dismissed "family values", traditional religious values and had a widespread distrust in the government, thus creating a counter reaction to that culture. Things were further complicated by America's declining economic condition world wide and the oil shock of 1973-74.The US saw the deepest recession since the 1930s.At this time President Nixon also announced the closure of the "Golden Window" which was a system of managed exchange rates which had far reaching political and economic consequences for American politics. The American working class did continue much of its militancy which was characteristic of the 1960's strikes. There were bitter strikes throughout the 1970s by workers and this crisis peaked during the 111-day nationwide coal miners' strike of 1977-78.These workers sought to reinforce the whole series of social reforms about workers made by Roosevelt's New Deal. Often dubbed as concessions wrenched by the working class from the American ruling class, these were no longer feasible for the economically stagnating position of the US ruling elite and there was a continuous struggle to end these reforms. _______________________________________________________________ DQ2.Why was Watergate a political scandal What were the immediate and long-term consequences of the Watergate investigation The term Watergate has become synonymous with corruption and conspiracy after it was used to cover the plethoric mass of political scandals between 1972 and 1974. Watergate is actually the name of a Hotel in Washington D.C which also accommodates offices. On June 17, 1972 the office of the Democratic National Committee (DNC) was burgled and the eventual concealment of this burglary caused the political downfall of President Richard Nixon who ultimately resigned on 8 August 1974. In 1972 Five men belonging to the Plumbers group broke in and tapped the phones of DNC .These men were working secretly with the Nixon administration and were trying to stop and discredit on Daniel Ellsberg who had leaked the Vietnam war scandal. The only reason this burglary was revealed was because of a vigilant security guard. The scandal arose when it turned out that all of the so called burglars were being funded by the Committee to Re-Elect the President (C.R.E.E.P.). Although Nixon won the next presidential election the repercussions of the scandal were far reaching as the so called burglars went to jail. Many of the White House staff resigned as the link between the burglary and the administration became obvious. In 1973 there was a Senate investigation and Nixon admitted to having the tapped oval office conversations and pleaded Executive Privilege as an excuse not to hand the tapes over. After the famous "Saturday Night Massacre' in October 1973 as he tried firing the people he feared would tell on him he was in deeper trouble as his continued refusal caused him to be named un-indicted co-conspirator in the obstruction of justice over the Watergate matter. Nixon continued to claim Executive Privilege in his refusals to hand the materials over. The Supreme Court unanimously rejected his contention and he was ordered to hand over the tapes. At his refusal the House of

Historical and Scientific Perspectives on Homosexuality Essay Example for Free

Historical and Scientific Perspectives on Homosexuality Essay Homosexuality, at least from the point of view of history, has seen many ups and downs. In fact, homosexuality itself could not be easily classified to be similar from other various racial or segregation issues such as skin color, language, culture, or religion because those factors have constantly experience negative treatments in the password in homosexuality, has been pointed out by the literature, has enjoyed relatively different approaches to pending on the culture, the timeline, and even the historical context where it is being applied. For example, from the point of view of historians and document literature on the subject of anthropology, researchers have uncovered that homosexuality is not a fairly recent occurrence but rather can be traced back as far back as documented history can show itself. For example, in ancient Greek, Celtic, and even prehistoric cultures such as the Indus Valley civilizations and prehistoric Egyptian cultures, homosexuality was already an occurrence that has been around and was actually freely accepted by the society where it was operating in. In fact, in anthropological texts and research, the subject of homosexual behavior may be from the point of view of romantic relationships, sexual interaction, and even family institution was freely accepted in those societies where in a significant measurement of civilization can be made (Isay, 2009). However, one commentary and theory on why homosexuality has arrived to the point of judgment and negative perception it has today has been pointed out by research as a result of strict monotheistic religious beliefs and Scripture. The three dominating monotheistic religions today on Christianity, Judaism, and Islam. And, both from popular convention and in the understanding of religious texts as well as the popular opinions of the leaders of the faiths, homosexuality ranges from a taboo concept in the reality of society towards even complete banning and be integrated into the religious thought to be illegal and Heretic. In fact, Islam, being one of the most powerful religions today because of its influence not only in Middle Eastern countries but also in other geographies such as Asia and other Western countries as well, having strict laws against homosexuality and homosexual behavior, continues to influence perception such that many new generations which follow that religion and that faith, although already relatively involved in global issues and global perception because of the Internet and other information communication technology, still look at homosexuality to be illegal and heretic act and concept because their religion states it to be so. In fact, in all three faiths, a popular Scripture is the city of Sodom and Gomorrah where in the monotheistic God of these religions punish this city because of its homosexual acts such as sodomy and the like. However, as researchers have also indicated, religions which are not classified under the leading monotheistic beliefs have basically taken homosexuality to be either a normal occurrence in human beings or have at least ignored the subject completely where its practitioners are able to say from a very point of view and spectrum that their faiths and spiritualities accept homosexual behavior. In fact, off all the eastern end not monotheistic religions that are popular in todays society, it is only Buddhism which freely accepts the reality of homosexuality and has been addressed by many of its search for leaders and discussed in many affair spiritual centers. However, because of the relatively low reach and population count of those belonging to this faith, at least from the point of view of religious commentary on homosexuality, it has not yet been able to pull homosexual perception towards the positive end of the spectrum which is cultural and contextual acceptance. On the other end of the contextual spectrum of religion, is a scientific approach of homosexual behavior. In such a perspective, origins of homosexuality have been discussed by researchers to be coming from biological factors rather than social factors. This approach has seen popularity only in fairly recent times because of such scientific projects and efforts such as the human genome project and the ability of advanced biology to indicate various genes, indicators, and factors that as researchers have pointed out, have a direct correlation and effect to the fact that individual turns out in the future to be Gay or not. In fact, this is not only a scientific attempt to explain such factors but has actually been published by many research and academic journals all over the world indicating that scientists have segregated various genetic functions which could associate or at least highly correlate an individuals homosexual behavior with the existence and activation of such genetic functions (Haslam Levy, 2006). This is the root of the modern argument of where homosexuality originates if it is brought about by the environment or by genetics. Such arguments, however, although fairly popular in the homosexual population, or at least in Western cultures where homosexuality is now freely accepted in society with relatively low levels of taboo perception, is not yet completely proven and documented in scientific picture enough to have any significant conclusions on the subject. Another perspective, perhaps the most popular, is an environmental perspective on homosexuality. According to this point of view, which is popular among behavioral scientists, psychologists, and social theorists, homosexuality comes about directly as a result of the environment and other external factors. Such arguments have developed relative popularity in the 20th century and even in the modern 21st century as behavioral scientists and psychologists have been able to more and more formulate theories that are backed up by statistical and essential data that was created using the scientific method of pointing out homosexual tendencies and the correlation and connection of society, other individuals, peers, and even family members and asked experiences in shaping its occurrence (Lewes Gilbert, 2009). As an individual, important processes and most cited upon the occurrence of being homosexual individuals the coming-out process. In fact, the coming-out process itself poses as one of the most significant in major hurdles of homosexuality in todays society because of the judgment that intrinsically comes about in the process itself. However, because of the popularity of such perspectives of scientific and behavioral basis of sexuality were in more and more members of society and even countries and classifications have culture as a whole are beginning to accept the validity of such research, evidence, and findings, the coming-out process, although has not been decreased at least from the point of view of difficulty, is today at least not judge as it was judge during the 1960s, 70s, and 80s. Today, as from personal experience, the coming-out process and admitting not only to friends and family members but even to society as a whole the choice and eventual manifestation of sexual orientation has become easier if not more accepted. However, perhaps an interesting analysis is although such historical and scientific perspectives and frameworks have indeed help in the process of society accepted the existence of homosexuality in todays world, a very difficult approach would be to understand if such perspectives and scientific discoveries have shaped actually being homosexual. This is difficult to answer because causality is often impossible to connect especially if these perspectives and factors did not indeed have any contributions to being a homosexual individual. However, perhaps one factor that has shaped the choice of sexuality and orientation in todays world is the ability to recognize that there is such a concept as homosexuality and it is a fairly popular convention and many individuals in the world today are members of that orientation group. By recognizing such factor in fact, I as an individual have been able to classify myself an essential need according to behavioral psychologists and sociologists to a certain part and classification of todays environment and society and am able to learn much about myself as well as the culture I am living in today.

Why Is Budgeting Important Accounting Essay

Why Is Budgeting Important Accounting Essay A budget  could be an elaborated  set up, expressed in quantitative terms that specifies  however  resources  are going to be  non-heritable  and used  throughout  such  amount  of your time. The procedures  wont to  develop a budget  represent  a budgeting system. Budgeting systems have  5  primary purposes: (1)  coming up with, (2) facilitating communication and coordination, (3) allocating resources, (4)  dominant  profit and operations and (5) evaluating performance and providing incentives.   Budgeting is simply balancing your expenses with your income. If they dont balance and you spend more than you make, you will have a problem. Many people dont realize that they spend more than they earn and slowly sink deeper into debt every year. If  you do not  have enough  cash  to try to to  everything  youd  prefer to  do, then  youll be able to  use this  coming up with  method  to  rank  your  defrayment  and focus your  cash  on  the items  that  area unit  most significant  to you. Why is Budgeting  Important? Since budgeting  permits  you  to make  a  defrayment  set up  for your  cash, it ensures  that you simply  can  invariably  have enough  cash  for  the items  you would like  and therefore the  things that  area unit  vital  to you. Following a budget or  defrayment  set up  also will  keep you out of debt or  assist you  work your  solution  of debt if  youre  presently  in debt. What  are  Budget  statement  and Planning? Once you  produce  your  initial  budget, begin to use it  and find  a decent  grieve  however  it  will  keep your finances  on the right track,  youll  wish  to  plan  your  defrayment  set up  or  allow  vi  months to a year down the road. By doing this  youll be able to  simply  forecast  that  months your finances  is also  tight and  which of them  youll need  more money.  Youll be able to  then  search for  ways in which  to even out the highs and lows in your finances  so  things  are often  a lot of  manageable and pleasant. Extending your budget out into  the long run  conjointly  permits  you to forecast  what proportion  cash  youll  be  able to  then again  vital  things like your vacation,  a replacement  vehicle, your  initial  home or home renovations,  associate  emergency  bank account  or your retirement.  Employing a  realistic budget to forecast your  defrayment  for the year  will  very  assist you  together with your  long run  monetary  coming up with.  Youll be able to  then  build  realistic assumptions  concerning  your annual financial gain  and expense and  set up  for  long run  monetary  goals like  beginning  your own business,  shopping for  associate  investment or recreation property or retiring. Budget preparation   Firstly,  verify  the principal budget  issue.  This is often  conjointly  called  the key budget  issue  or limiting budget  issue  associated  is that the  issue  which is able to  limit the activities of an  endeavor. This limits output, e.g. sales, material or labor.   a) Sales budget: this involves  a practical  sales forecast.  This is often  ready  in units  of every  product and  conjointly  in sales  worth.  Ways  of sales  statement  include:   †¢Ã‚  sales department  opinions †¢Ã‚  research †¢Ã‚  applied math  ways  (correlation analysis and examination of trends) †¢ mathematical models. In  exploitation  these techniques consider:   †¢ companys  evaluation  policy †¢ general economic and political conditions †¢ changes  within the  population †¢ competition †¢ consumers  financial gain  and tastes †¢ advertising and  different  commercial  techniques †¢Ã‚  when  sales service †¢ credit terms offered. b) Production budget: expressed in quantitative terms  solely  and is  intermeshed  to the sales budget.  the assembly  managers duties include:   †¢ analysis of plant  activity †¢ work-in-progress budgets. If  needs  exceed  capability  one may:   †¢ subcontract †¢Ã‚  set up  for overtime †¢ introduce shift work †¢Ã‚  rent  or  purchase  further  machinery †¢ the materials purchases budgets  each  quantitative and  monetary. c) Raw materials  and buying  budget:   †¢ the materials usage budget is in quantities. †¢ The materials purchases budget is  each  quantitative and  monetary. Factors influencing a) and b) include:   †¢ production  needs †¢Ã‚  coming up with  stock levels †¢Ã‚  space for storing †¢ trends  of fabric  costs. d) Labor budget: is  each  quantitative and  monetary.  This is often  influenced by:   †¢ production  needs †¢ man-hours  offered †¢ grades of labor  needed †¢ wage rates (union agreements) †¢Ã‚  the requirement  for incentives. e)  Money  budget: a  money  set up  for  an outlined  amount  of your time. It summarizes monthly receipts and payments. Hence, it highlights monthly surpluses and deficits of actual  money. Its main uses are:   †¢Ã‚  to keep up  management  over a firms  money  needs, e.g. stock and debtors   †¢ to  alter  a firm  to require  precaution  measures and  prepare  ahead  for investment and loan facilities whenever  money  surpluses or deficits arises   †¢Ã‚  to point out  the  practicality  of managements plans in  money  terms   †¢Ã‚  parenthetically  the  monetary  impact of changes in management policy, e.g.  modification  of credit terms offered to customers. Receipts  of money  could  return  from  one in all  the following:   †¢Ã‚  money  sales †¢ payments by debtors †¢ the sale of  mounted  assets †¢Ã‚  the problem  of latest  shares †¢ the receipt of interest and dividends from investments. Payments  of money  is also  for one or  a lot of the following:   †¢ purchase of stocks †¢ payments of wages or  different  expenses †¢ purchase of capital  things. †¢ Payment of interest, dividends or taxation. TYPES OF BUDGET. Master Budget A master budget  could be a  comprehensive projection of  however  management expects to conduct all aspects of business over the budget  amount,  sometimes  a  twelvemonth. The master budget summarizes projected activity by  means  of a  money  budget, budgeted  earnings report  and budgeted  record. Most master budgets  embrace  interconnected  budgets from  the assorted  departments. Managers  usually  use these  set  budgets to  set up  and set performance objectives. Master budgets  area unit  typically  employed in  larger businesses  to stay  several  managers on  an equivalent  page. Operational Budgets The operational budget covers revenues and expenses  encompassing  the  day-after-day  core business of  an organization. Revenues represent sales of  merchandise  and services; expenses  outline  prices the prices}  product of products}  sold  additionally  as overhead and  body  costs directly  associated with  manufacturing  goods and services.  Whereas  budgeted annually,  in operation  budgets  area unit  sometimes  softened  into smaller  news  periods,  like  weekly or monthly. Managers compare  in progress results to budget throughout the year,  coming up with  and adjusting for variations in revenue. Cash Flow Budget An  income  budget examines the inflows and outflows  of money  in an exceedingly  business on a  day-after-day  basis. It predicts a companys ability  to require  in additional  cash  than it pays out. Managers monitor  income  budgets to pinpoint shortfalls between expenses and sales times  once  finance  is also  required  to hide  overheads.  Income  budgets  conjointly  counsel  production cycles and inventory levels  so  a companys resources  area unit  offered  for activity, not sitting idle on warehouse shelves. Financial Budget a  monetary  budget outlines  however  a business receives and spends  cash  on  a company  scale,  as well as  revenues from core business  and  financial gain  and  prices  from capital expenditures. Managing assets  like  property, buildings, investments and major  instrumentality  could  have  a big  impact  on the  monetary  health of  an organization,  significantly  through the peaks and troughs of daily business.  Government  managers use  monetary  budgets to leverage  finance  and  worth  the corporate  for mergers and public offerings of stock. Static Budget A static budget contains  components  wherever  expenditures  stay  unchanged with variations to sales levels. Overhead  prices  represent one  kind of  static budget,  however  these budgets  are not  confined to  ancient  overhead expenses. Some departments  could  have  a set  quantity  of cash  set in budget to  pay, and  its  up to managers  to create  positive  such amounts  area unit  spent  while not  going over-budget. This condition  happens  habitually  publicly  and  noncommercial  sectors,  wherever  organizations or departments  area unit  funded  for the most part  by grants. IS BUDGET NECESSARY? Many business  house owners  fail  to line  a budget and dont  think about  this to be  vital  for them. They either  assume  theyre  not  sufficiently big  to want  one or  they need  one in their head. So, why is it  vital  for each  business  to line  a budget? A budget  is that the  success  set up  for a business.  Because the  notable  locution  says: Those  UN agency  fail to  set up,  commit to  fail. A budget helps  you propose  to succeed in  goals  at intervals  your business,  ensuring  {you  area unit youre} earning the  financial gain  you wish  and are  up to speed  of  the prices  associated with  that  financial gain. Firstly,  you would like  to grasp  what percentage  items/hours  you want to  sell per month  to succeed in  your goal  financial gain.  This is often  phased over a  twelve  month  amount. If  youre  presently  unable  to figure  out this  a part of  however  youll  earn your goal  financial gain, then  youre  not setting your business up  for achievement. Secondly,  you would like  to match  the prices  associated with  your goal  financial gain  so as  to realize  that goal. If youre a service  primarily based  trade,  youll  have direct  prices  associated with  every  hour  that you simply  charge out.  You would like  to figure  out  specifically  what proportion  every  hour  really  prices  you i.e. subcontractor/staff  prices, rent, electricity and  different  regular  prices  like  subscriptions and memberships. By having a firm  set up  in situ  youll be able to  simply  see, over the year,  during which  months  youre  creating  a profit and  youll be able to  track this against  every  individual month  to examine  however  your business  really  performed in  reference to  your budget.  After you  area unit  able to  see what you planned and what  really  happened,  youll  then be  able to  simply  establish  any  variations  Ã‚  wherever  they occurred, why they happened  and the way  youll be able to  alter  your budget or defrayment  to induce  on the right track. As the business owner  you recognize  your business  and may  return  up with the answers  you would like.  Youre  the one  UN agency  can  understand  if  theres  a  seasonal  impact, a  modification  within the  economy, or  the other  relevant variables. Remember, if  you are doing  not have  management  over your  prices  you wont  understand  if  youre  on the right track  to your goal profit. A budget  conjointly  helps you  to spot  the quality  for  income  at intervals  your business.  you cannot  maintain  income  while not  setting  an inspiration  in terms of  whats  happening  together with your  financial gain  and expenses. So setting a budget  is absolutely  vital  for creating  positive  you  accomplish  the profit  and clearly  the  money  flows  that you simply  wish  in your business.

Analyse the way the villain is presented in three Sherlock Holmes stories :: English Literature

Analyse the way the villain is presented in three Sherlock Holmes stories Analyse the way the villain is presented in three Sherlock Holmes stories. Is there a stereotype? In Conan Doyle’s stories, ‘The Adventure of the Speckled Band’, ‘Silver Blaze’ and ‘The Adventures of the Dancing Men.’ the villain is always used as the key element. It’s interesting that Doyle always makes the villain more fascinating than the hero. This is certainly true in each of these of these stories. In the Speckled Band, the villain is a Dr Roylott. This was not made clear to the reader until the very end of the story, a trick that Conan Doyle uses in all three of these stories. Dr Roylott is the stepfather to Helen Stoner and her sister Julia Stoner. He is presented by Helen Stoner in the beginning of the story when she goes to visit Sherlock Holmes. She describes past events and her suspicions about her stepfather. She begins by flattering Sherlock Holmes by saying ‘I have heard†¦, that you can see deeply into the manifold wickedness of the human heart.’ She then begins from the beginning telling Mr. Holmes everything about her life and why she ended up at his door. She starts by describing her stepfather as a man who is the last survivor of one of the oldest Saxon families in England. He has access to  £1000 a year which was left to him by his wife, a vast sum in those days. Rylott was then supposed to give Helen and her sister a yearly allowance when they married. As soon as his wife left the money to the stepfather in her will, coincidently she died in a tragic railway accident which had happened eight years previously. These are big clues to the reader to make them suspicious and to make them think he is a villain. Helen and her sister from that moment have been very isolated from the outside world. They had been living in the house with their stepfather and his two Indian animals, which are a cheetah and a baboon, which were both allowed to walk free around the grounds. Helen goes on to describe some nasty fights and the stress caused by these. incidences. She describes to Sherlock Holmes the fact that her sister was particularly distressed. ‘She was but 30 at the time of her death, and yet her hair had already began to whiten, even as mine has.’ It is then that we learn that her sister is dead and that her death occurred within two weeks of her getting engaged to a young man.

Galileo :: essays research papers

Galileo Galileo was born in Pisa in 1564, the son of Vincenzo Galilei, well known for his studies of music. He studied at Pisa, where he later held the chair in mathematics from 1589 - 1592. He was then appointed to the chair of mathematics at the University of Padua, where he remained until 1610. During these years he carried out studies and experiments in mechanics, and also built a thermoscope. He devised and constructed a geometrical and military compass, and wrote a handbook, which describes how to use this instrument. In 1594 he obtained the patent for a machine to raise water levels. He invented the microscope, and built a telescope with which he made celestial observations, the most spectacular of which was his discovery of the satellites of Jupiter. In 1610 he was nominated the foremost Mathematician of the University of Pisa and given the title of mathematician to the Grand Duke of Tuscany. He studied Saturn and observed the phases of Venus. In 1611 he went to Rome. He became a mem ber of the Academia dei Lincei and observed the sunspots. In 1612 he began to encounter serious opposition to his theory of the motion of the earth that he taught after Copernicus. In 1614, Father Tommaso Caccini denounced the opinions of Galileo on the motion of the Earth from the pulpit of Santa Maria Novella, judging them to be erroneous. Galileo therefore went to Rome, where he defended himself against charges that had been made against him but in 1616, he was admonished by Cardinal Bellarmino and told that he could not defend Copernican astronomy because it went against the doctrine of the Church. In 1622 he wrote the Saggiatore (The Assayer), which was approved and published in 1623. In 1630 he returned to Rome to obtain the right to publish his Dialogue on the two chief world systems, which was eventually published in Florence in 1632. In October of 1632 the Holy Office to Rome summoned him. The tribunal passed a sentence condemning him and compelled Galileo to solemnly abjur e his theory. He was sent to exile in Siena and finally, in December of 1633, he was allowed to retire to his villa in Arcetri, the Gioiello. His health condition was steadily declining, - by 1638 he was completely blind, and also by now bereft of the support of his daughter, Sister Maria Celeste, who died in 1634.

Aluminum :: Research Essays

Aluminum Aluminum is the second most abundant element in the Earth’s crust. It has a concentration of about 8.2 percent (Craig et al 264). Aluminum â€Å"is malleable, ductile, and easily machined and cast; and has excellent corrosion resistance and durability† (http://minerals.usgs.gov/). It is evident in everyday life. Aluminum is a very useful abundant metal. A large fraction of the mineral products we seek are metals, such as aluminum (Halleck, 1/20). The major uses of aluminum are transportation, packaging and containers, and building products. Some other uses are electrical and consumer durable goods (Craig et al 266). It is important in the use of transportation because it is lightweight, which enables more efficient use of fuels, and it is resistant to corrosion (Craig et al 266). â€Å"Commercially pure aluminum is comparatively soft and ductile†¦it has tensile strength of 13,000 pounds per square inch† when it is in its annealed condition (Hobbs 76). When the metal is strain hardened, its tensile strength is 24,000 pounds per square inch (Hobbs 76). The tensile strength can increase even more when other elements are added to the metal to form alloys. Some of these elements used for alloying are copper, iron, silicon, magnesium, nickel, and zinc (Hobbs 79). Aluminum is also common in minerals such as feldspar, mica, which are silicates, and clay. Most of aluminum production has been from bauxite. â€Å"Bauxite can form from the weathering of any rock that is aluminum bearing† (Craig et al 267). Most bauxite mining is done in tropical regions where there is not an abundant amount of cheap electricity or large markets for the aluminum production (Craig et al 268). The bauxite is crushed, washed, dried, and then shipped to processing sites. Aluminum is produced by the â€Å"electrolytic reduction of alumina in a molten bath of natural or synthetic cryolite† (Craig et al 268). This process is very energy intensive so it is done in areas where electricity is cheap. â€Å"Aluminum recovery from scrap (recycling) has become an important component of the aluminum industry† (http://minerals.usgs.gov/). About thirty percent of aluminum is recycled each year. Sixty percent of that is from new scrap and forty percent is from old scrap (http://minerals.usgs.gov/). Some examples of recyclable aluminum are automobiles, windows and doors, appliances, and cans. Aluminum is also used in many cooking utensils, electrical conductors, buildings, and in transportation industries.

Lakota Woman Review

Lakota Woman mary crow dog The book, Lakota Woman, written by Mary Crow Dog, gave the reader a personal view of the feelings shared by most Indians living in the United States during this present day. The book dealt with the time period of Crow Dog’s life along with some references to past events. Crow Dog attempted to explain the hostility felt towards the white men in the United States by the surviving Indian population. She used her own life as an example in many instances to give the reader a personal perspective.The main point in writing this book was to present the reader with the Indian viewpoint on how they were treated and what the effects of that treatment has done to their people over the years. From the beginning of the book it becomes evident that not all Indians are the same. Mary Crow Dogs grandparents grew up during a time when the United States was trying to â€Å"civilize† the Indians by forcing them to abandon their customs in favor of a Christian lif estyle.Most Indians took offence to that proposition, but some did not. Crow Dog’s grandmother was one of the Indians who would have been termed as a successful convert. She adopted the Christian faith and was raising her grandchildren to accept Jesus in their lives. Crow Dog admitted the Jesus part sounded good, it was the beatings at the hands of the nuns and the awful food served to them at the boarding school that tainted their views of Christianity. Indians who accepted the white man’s ways were called half bloods.Crow Dog said, â€Å"The general rule is that whoever thinks, sings, acts, and speaks Indian is a skin, a full-blood, and whoever acts and thinks like a white man is a half-blood or breed, no matter how Indian he looks. † (49) This division among their own people often created hostility and sometimes led to violence. Another problem was the rage felt inside of the warriors who were having their lifestyle taken from them. These were men who were us ed to hunting for their food which in turn gave them a feeling of pride. Being held on a reservation took their spirit and crushed it.It led to heavy drinking among a large amount of the male Indian population which sometimes led to violence against women. Crow Dog suggested that these men were acting out because they could not hunt and perform their duties as Indian males. The book spoke about the different religious ceremonies and the spirituality exemplified by the Indian people. The use of the pipe along with the Willow tree tobacco, the various dances performed, and the infusion of religion in every aspect of the Indians life showed the reader how important religion is to the Indian people.Because of that knowledge, it was appalling to read how Leonard Crow Dog’s religious rights were violated and mocked in prison. The basic right of being able to freely practice a religion was denied to Crow Dog while incarcerated. The AIM, or American Indian Movement, was formed in ord er to bring to light the hardships faced by the Indians living in the United States and took a huge part in the Wounded Knee incident. Crow Dog was a member of that organization and married Leonard who was one of the group’s leaders. Power is a theme that is seen throughout the book in various forms.Crow Dog spoke of the power felt during certain Indian customs such as smoking the peace pipe or performing the Ghost Dance. Another form of power was seen when the doctors at the hospital took Crow Dog’s sisters baby and killed it. As if that was not enough, her sister was sterilized so she could not have any more Indian children. Crow Dog made sure that would not happen to her own child who was born at Wounded Knee. The show of force by the military at Wounded Knee was another example of the power exerted by the white men on the Indians.The fabricated charges brought against Leonard Crow Dog which resulted in his incarceration showed the power the government held and was willing to use against the Indians. The Indian women show their own version of power by making it their duty to procreate in order to replace the population of warriors who were lost defending the cause. Another theme running through the book is anger. Not surprisingly, Crow Dog and a good majority of her people felt that something was taken from them without their permission.Because they harbor those feelings, they believe it is ok to do things like steal from stores owned by white people. They justify their actions because they feel they are getting their revenge against the white people who stole from them. Taking Wounded Knee over and performing the Ghost Dance was a way to show the white man that they were not going to be taken advantage of any longer. They were not going to let the white men stop them from performing their sacred ceremonies and change their way of life.The Indians took their anger against the white man and used it as fuel. Crow Dog spoke of the hardships she h ad to deal with living as Leonard Crow Dogs wife. Initially she was not interested in Leonard Crow Dog, but years later she found herself married to him and acting as his main support line during his incarceration. When Leonard was released from prison she described how they had to become reacquainted with each other. Life was extremely challenging for Mary Crow Dog but she stood by her husband’s side and provided the support he needed.After being released, Mary Crow Dog would follow Leonard to various places around the country where his help was needed to bring recognition to a person or groups issue. Her life was dedicated to Leonard and together they both fought for what they believed in. For Mary Crow Dog, her life as an Indian became complete when she took part in the Ghost Dance ceremony. Crow Dog was pierced in the traditional way and experienced the visions that her ancestors had for hundreds of years. She felt that she was finally a full blooded Indian after the cere mony which symbolized that her transition was complete.The author, Mary Crow Dog, is an Indian who has experienced the hardships of life living as an Indian under the conditions the United States Government has mandated for the Indian people. She gave the account of her life and co-authored the book along with Richard Erdoes. Crow Dog has also written Ohitika Woman, while Erdoes has written several books including Lame Deer, Seeker of Visions, The Sun Dance People, The Rain Dance People, The Pueblo Indians, and Crying for a Dream. Erdoes used Crow Dogs firsthand account as the basis for writing this book.The authors accomplished their goal of bringing the reader into the world of the Indians and presenting the difficulties they faced and had overcome over the years at the hands of the United States Government. I enjoyed the book. I felt that it informed the reader of the various problems the Indians have faced over the years and how some of those problems are still being dealt with. It showed the mistreatment of the Indians by the United States Government. It brought the reader into the world of the Indian and made you understand why their harbor resentment and hostility along with mistrust for white people and the government.I think this book is important for anyone who is looking to get an inside look into the bruised feelings of Indians and the reasons behind those feelings. The book provided an overview of what tribe life is like and did not hide the negatives like the drinking problems and abuse of women. Anybody who is looking for knowledge into the feelings of Indians will benefit greatly from this book. ——————————————– [ 1 ]. Mary Crow Dog and Richard Erdoes, Lakota Woman, (New York, N. Y. , Harper Perennial 1990)

Determination of a Rate Law Lab Report

Determination of a Rate Law Megan Gilleland 10. 11. 2012 Dr. Charles J. Horn Abstract: This two part experiment is designed to determine the rate law of the following reaction, 2I-(aq) + H2O2(aq) + 2H+I2(aq) + 2H2O(L), and to then determine if a change in temperature has an effect on that rate of this reaction. It was found that the reaction rate=k[I-]^1[H2O2+]^1, and the experimental activation energy is 60. 62 KJ/mol. Introduction The rate of a chemical reaction often depends on reactant concentrations, temperature, and if there’s presence of a catalyst.The rate of reaction for this experiment can be determined by analyzing the amount of iodine (I2) formed. Two chemical reactions are useful to determining the amount of iodine is produced. 1) I2(aq) + 2S2O32-(aq) 2I-(aq)+S4O62-(aq) 2) I2(aq) + starch Reaction 2 is used only to determine when the production of iodine is occurring by turning a clear colorless solution to a blue color. Without this reaction it would be very diff icult to determine how much iodine is being produced, due to how quickly thiosulfate and iodine react. Related article: Measuring Reaction Rate Using Volume of Gas Produced Lab AnswersHowever this reaction does not determine the amount of iodine produced, it only determines when/if iodine is present in solution. Reaction 1 is used to determine how much iodine is produced. To understand how the rate constant (k) is temperature dependent, another set of data is recorded in week two’s experiment using six trials and three different temperatures(two trials per temperature change). Using the graph of this data we determine the energy required to bend of stretch the reactant molecules to the point where bonds can break or form, and then assemble products (Activation Energy, Ea).Methods To perform the experiment for week 1, we first prepare two solutions, A and B, as shown in the data. After preparing the mixtures, we mix them together in a flask and carefully observe the solution, while timing, to see how long it takes for the solution to change from clear to blue. We use this method for all 5 trials, and record the time it takes to change color, indicating the reaction has taken place fully. This data is used to find p (trials1-3) and q (trials3-5), to use in our rate law. This experiment concluded that both p and q are first order.The rate constant average of all five trials is used as just one point on the Arrhenius Plot. In week 2, we perform the experiment to test the relation of temperature to the rate of reaction. We start by again, preparing six solutions. We prepared two trials/solutions at 0 degrees Celsius, two and 40 degrees Celsius, and two at 30 degrees Celsius. Again, for each trial we mixed solution A with B, and carefully timed the reaction to look for a color change that indicates the reaction is complete. The interpretation of this data indicated out results of whether temperature has an effect on the rate of this reaction.Results- It is determined that the rate of reaction is dependent on the temperature in which the reaction occurs. The sol utions observed at 40 degrees Celsius reacted at a quicker rate, than those at lesser temperatures, in a linear manor. Data Week 1 Table 1: Solution Concentrations Week 1- Room Temperature trial #| solution A| | | | | Solution B| | | | | | buffer| 0. 3MKI| starch| 0. 02MNa2S2O3| Distilled water| 0. 1MH2O2| time(s)| total volume(mL)| | 1| 5. 01| 2. 0| 0. 4| 5. 0| 21. 68| 6. 0| 585| 40. 01| | | 2| 5. 0| 4. 0| 0. 4| 5. 0| 19. 60| 6. 0| 287| 40. 00| | | 3| 5. 2| 6. 0| 0. 4| 5. 0| 17. 60| 6. 0| 131| 40. 02| | | 4| 5. 0| 6. 0| 0. 4| 5. 0| 13. 62| 10. 0| 114| 40. 02| | | 5| 5. 0| 6. 02| 0. 4| 5. 0| 9. 60| 14. 0| 80| 40. 02| | | Calculations Week 1 1. Find the moles of S2O3-2 Take the value from NaS2O3 *(0. 2)/1000 (5)*(0. 2)/1000= 0. 001 mol of S2O32- 2. Find moles of I2 Take S2O32- /2 (0. 001)/2=0. 0005mol 3. Find I2 Mol I2*1000/vol mL (0. 0005)*1000/40)= 0. 000799885 mol 4. Find the rate of change Take (I2)/ (seconds) (0. 000799885)/(585)= 1. 36732Ãâ€"10-6 M/s 5. Find [I-]0 (0. 300 M KI )*(2. 00mL)/( the final volume)=0. 015 M 6.Find the Ln of [I-]0 Ln(0. 015)=-4. 19970508 7. Find [H2O2]0 Take (0. 10 M H2O2)*(6. 00mL)/ ( final volume)=0. 015 M 8. Ln of [H2O2]0 Ln(0. 015)= -4. 19970508 9. Find the Ln of rate: Ln(2. 13675Ãâ€"10-5)=-10. 753638 10. The last step for week one calculations is to calculate the average value of k. Rate= k [I-]1[H2O2]. (2. 13675*10-5 ) = k [0. 015] [0. 015] then solve for k. For this trial, k=0. 09497. This is then done for all trials. Then, once all five values of k are found, the average is taken by adding all five values of k and dividing by 5. The experimental k average is 0. 05894M/s. Table 2: Calculations Week 1 | | | | | | | | | | | | solution#| mol s2O3-2| mol I2| I2| (rate) changeI2/change in temp| [I-]o| ln[I-]o| [H2O2]0| ln[H2O2]o| ln rate| k | | 1| 0. 001| 0. 0005| 0. 0125| 2. 13675E-05| 0. 015| -4. 19970| 0. 015| -4. 19971| -10. 753| 0. 0949| | 2| 0. 001| 0. 0005| 0. 0125| 4. 3554E-05| 0. 030| -3. 50655| 0. 015| -4. 19971| -10 . 041| 0. 0967| | 3| 0. 001| 0. 0005| 0. 0125| 9. 54198E-05| 0. 045| -3. 10109| 0. 015| -4. 19971| -9. 2572| 0. 1413| | 4| 0. 001| 0. 0005| 0. 0125| 0. 000109649| 0. 045| -3. 10109| 0. 025| -3. 68888| -9. 1182| 0. 974| | 5| 0. 001| 0. 0005| 0. 0125| 0. 00015625| 0. 045| -3. 09776| 0. 035| -3. 35241| -8. 7640| 0. 0988| | | | | | | | | | | k avg| 0. 1059| | | | | | | | | | | | | | Data Week 2 Table 3: Solution Concentrations Week 2- Varied Temperatures trial #| solution A| | | | | Solution B| | | Temp(C)| | | buffer| 0. 3MKI| starch| 0. 02MNa2S2O3| Distilled water| 0. 1MH2O2| time(s)| total volume (mL)| | 1| 5. 00| 6. 01| 0. 42| 5. 00| 13. 60| 10. 00| 692| 40. 03| 1. 0| | 2| 5. 00| 6. 00| 0. 40| 5. 00| 9. 60| 14. 00| 522| 40. 00| 1. 0| | 3| 5. 00| 2. 00| 0. 40| 5. 02| 21. 0| 6. 00| 152| 40. 02| 40. 0| | 4| 5. 00| 4. 00| 0. 40| 5. 02| 19. 60| 6. 00| 97| 40. 02| 40. 0| | 5| 5. 00| 6. 00| 0. 40| 5. 02| 17. 60| 6. 00| 110| 40. 02| 30. 0| | 6| 5. 00| 4. 00| 0. 40| 5. 00| 19. 60| 6. 00| 137 | 40. 00| 30. 0| | Calculations Week 2 1) Find amount of I2 moles produced in the main reaction using Volume of Na2SO4 used, stock concentration of Na2SO4 solution, and the Stoichiometry (2mol Na2SO4 to 1 mol I2) for all six trials. Trial 1: (. 005 L Na2SO4)(. 02 moles Na2SO4/1. 0L)(1 mol I2/2 mol Na2SO4)= . 00005 mol I2 Use this method for all six trials ) Find the reaction rate using moles of I2 produced, measured time in seconds, and Volume of total solution for all six trials Trial 1: (. 00005 mol I2/. 0403L)=(. 00124906 mol/L) /(692seconds)= . 00000181mol/L(s) Use this method for all six trials 3) Find the rate constant using the reaction rate, measured volumes used, stock concentrations, and the rate law of the main reaction. Trial 1: K=(. 00000181MOL/L(s))/((. 01 L H2O2)(. 1 M H2O2)/. 0403L total))((. 3MKI)(. 006LKI)/. 0403L total)=. 00107 Use this method for all six trials 4) To graph, we must calculate Ln(k) and 1/Temp(K) for each individual trial.Trial 1: Ln(. 00107)=-6. 8 401 and 1/T = 1/692sec=-. 00365k^-1 Use calculation method 1-4 for all six trials Table 4: Calculations Week 2 solution#| mol I2| Rate (change I/change in time)| K (min-1)| Ln k| Temp (K)| 1/T (k-1)| 1| . 00005| . 00000181| . 00107| -6. 8401| 274| . 00365| 2| . 0000502| . 00000240| . 00152| -6. 48904| 274| . 00365| 3| . 0000502| . 00000825| . 0370| -3. 29684| 313| . 00319| 4| . 0000502| . 0000129| . 0290| -3. 54046| 313| . 00319| 5| . 0000502| . 0000114| . 0171| -4. 06868| 303| . 00330| 6 | . 00005| . 00000912| . 0203| -3. 89713| 303| . 0330| From the graph, we see that the slope is -7291. To Find the Activation Energy we multiply by the rate constant of 8. 314J/mol(K), which equals -60617. 4 J/mol. We then convert this value to kilojoules by dividing by 1000, equaling 60. 62 kJ/mol. Analysis uncertainty- Due to the limit of significant figures in stock solutions used, the resulting data is limited in correctness. Also, temperature fluctuations during the experiment by even a half d egree would obscure the data of the exact rate constant, k. One of our R^2 coefficients for the experiment was in fact greater than 0. , and the other slightly less than 0. 9 meaning the one lesser is not considered a good fit. The deviation in goodness of fit may have been due to our data recording. Discussion- Determination of the rate law and activation energy of a chemical reaction requires a few steps. By varying the concentrations of reactants it was determined that the reaction is first order with respect to both [I-] and [H2O2+]. Measuring the reaction rate at multiple temperatures allows calculation of the activation energy of the process, in this case the activation energy of the reaction is found to be 60. 2 kJ/mol. As you have seen through all the previous data, charts and graphs, this exothermic rate of a reaction is dependent on solution concentrations, a catalyst, and temperature. References 1 Determination of a Rate Law lab document, pages 1-6, Mesa Community College CHM152LL website, www. physci. mc. maricopa. edu/Chemistry/CHM152, accessed 10/9/2012. 2 Temperature Dependence of a Rate Constant lab document, pages 1-3, Mesa Community College CHM152LL website, www. physci. mc. maricopa. edu/Chemistry/CHM152, accessed 10/9/2012.

Case study on “If two heads are better than one, are four even better”

â€Å"If two heads are better than one, are four even better† Maggie Becker, 24, is a marketing manager for Kavu, a small chain of coffee shops in eastern Ohio. Recently,Maggie’s wealthy uncle passed away and left to Maggie, his only niece, $100000. Maggie consider her current salary to be adequate to meet her current living expenses, so she’d like to invest the money so that when she buys a house she’llhave a nice nest egg on which to draw. One of Maggie’s neighbours, Brian, is a financial advisor. Brian told Maggie there was a virtually endless array of investment option. She asked him to present her with two of the best options, and this is what he came up with:1. A very low risk mutual fund. With this option, based on the information Brian provided, Maggie estimates that after 5 years she stands virtually zero chance of losing money, with an expected gain of approximately $7000.2. A moderate-risk mutual fund. Based on the information Brian provi ded her, Maggie estimates that with this option she stands a 50 percent chance of making a $40000 gain but also a 50 percent chance of losing $20000.Maggie prides herself on being rational and objective in her thinking. However, she’s unsure of what to do in this case. Brian refuses to help her, telling her that she’s already limited herself by asking for only two options. While driving to her parents’ house for the weekend, Maggie finds herself vacillating between the two options. Her older brother is also visiting the folks this weekend, so Maggie decides to gather her family around the table after dinner, lay out the two options, and go with their decision â€Å"You know the old saying-two heads are better than one,† she says to herself, â€Å"so four heads should be even better.†Questions1.Has Maggige made a good decision about the way she is going to make the decision?2.Which investment would you choose, why?3.Which investment do you think mos t people would choose?4.Based on what you have learned about groupshipt, which investment do you think Maggie’s family choose?

Reaction Paper Essay

On-the-job training (OJT) is a form of training taking place in a normal working situation.On-the-job training, sometimes called direct instruction, is one of the earliest forms of training (observational learning is probably the earliest). It is a one-on-one training located at the job site, where someone who knows how to do a task shows another how to perform it. In antiquity, the kind of work that people did was mainly unskilled or semiskilled work that did not require specialized knowledge. Parents or other community members, who knew how to do a job necessary for survival, passed their knowledge on to the children through direct instruction.OJT is still widely in use today. In fact, it is probably the most popular method of training because it requires only a person who knows how to do the task, and the tools the person uses to do the task. It may not be the most effective or the most efficient method at times, but it is normally the easiest to arrange and manage. Because the tr aining takes place on the job, it can be highly realistic and no transfer of learning is required. It is often inexpensive because no special equipment is needed other than what is normally used on the job. The other side is that OJT takes the trainer and materials out of production for the duration of the training time. In addition, due to safety or other production factors, it is prohibitive in some environments. On-the-job training, also known as OJT, is teaching the skills, knowledge, and competencies that are needed to perform a specific job within the workplace and work environment. On-the-job training uses the regular or existing workplace tools, machines, documents, equipment, knowledge and skills necessary for an employee to learn to effectively perform his or her job.It occurs within the normal working environment an employee will experience on the job. It may occur as the employee performs actual work or it may occur elsewhere within the workplace using training rooms, training work stations, or training equipment. On-the-job training is most frequently supplied by another employee who can competently perform the job that he or she is teaching.On-the-job training is occasionally performed by an external provider as in the case of specialized equipment. In another example, a vendor trains a marketing system a group of employees is adapting to their own work procedures.While the goal of OJT is often to teach basic workplace skills, it also instills aspects of the workplace culture and performance expectations in the new employee. OJT is also the approach  organizations use to provide new employee onboarding information.On-the-job training is normally the most effective approach to training employees. Here are your 12 best opportunities and methods for providing on-the-job training to employees. Importance of On the Job Training On the job Training are part of a college curriculum that aims to train and orient students about the work and their future career. OJT is very important not only to teach students their chosen career but to show students the reality about working. On the Job Training is very important and should not be taken for granted, here’s why: Aside from the high evaluation grade that you will receive from the employer, the employer may absorbed or offer you a job after graduation. Your background OJT experience is very important when applying a job. Employers often asked about the OJT experience and how it is related on the job that you are applying for. The OJT experience that you have can land you a great job. Especially in Media related jobs, most employers often asked and require an OJT experience from a media company. For instance, a news writer who is applying in a TV Network has great advantage if he/she has an OJT experience in a Media company like TV, Radio or Publishing. Your superior in the company that you are working for as an OJT may recommend your skills to the company affiliates or to other company that he/she knows. OJT will be your training ground. If you still have no idea on what is meant to be a worker, OJT will give you at least 10% of career realities. The company that you are currently applying in often makes a background check to successful applicants. If you have included your OJT adviser or employer in your character references, the company may contact them to ask information about your skills and knowledge as their student or intern. You can consider your OJT experience as your guide on your first days at work, especially if your OJT and current work are related. You can use your experience and observation as an OJT to your current job if you still have issues on adjustments . Most students have taken their OJT for granted; not realizing the importance it can bring on their future career. Having a good performance during OJT is very important especially now that there’s a tight competition towards job seekers and the high qualification of companies. On the job training or OJT is one method by which students is given achance to apply the theories and computations that  they have learned from theschool. It also helps the students to acquire relevant knowledge and skills byperforming in actual work setting. Colleges and universities require their studentsto undergo such training within a specific number of hours as part of thecurriculum.For the students, an OJT or internship program provides opportunities togo through the actual methodologies of a specific job using the real tools,equipments and documents. In effect, the workplace becomes a developmentvenue for a student trainee to learn more about his chosen field and practicewhat he has learn from academy.On the other hand, an effective OJT program also benefits the companieswho accept trainees. First OJT or intern provides additional manpower for alesser labor cost than a regular employee. Most of them are all eager to learn theropes so chances are high that they will cooperate.Employers can use this internship strategy as a method in recruiting newemployees. Since the trainer or the supervisor can follow the trainees’ progress,he can gauge based on performance, behavior and attitude if the trainee willmake a good recruit after the completion of his OJT’s can bring fresh ideas into the organization. Given the opportunity tospeak their minds freely and without fear, they maybe able to contributesignificantly in brainstorming sessions or research and eventually help improvethe organizations productivity. While training the interns, employers are in factalso teaching their employees to process of guiding the trainees stretches their patience, develops teaching skills and makes them more sensitive to the needsand mind set of the younger generation. The course of supervision also teachesthem how to share what they know and be receptive to questions. Hence, theinternship also becomes an avenue in training for future managers of thecompany.Accommodating on-the-job trainees can truly be beneficial not only to thetrainees but also to the companies that provide opportunities for this type of learning. There is wisdom in the front lines. Such training can be an investmentthat will be valuable to the company later on. This is also why trainees shouldtake their internship seriously as it can become a powerful tool and possibly evena source of recommendation when they take that big lift from being students tocareer professionals.